This study examines the role of libraries and archives in preserving African intellectual heritage within Senegal's cultural context. A comparative study approach was employed, involving qualitative data collection from interviews with stakeholders within Senegalese libraries and archives, as well as a review of existing records and archival reports. The findings indicate that while both institutions face significant challenges such as funding shortages and limited resources, they also exhibit strong community engagement efforts in preserving local knowledge. Libraries and archives play crucial roles in maintaining African intellectual heritage by actively engaging with their communities and addressing resource constraints effectively. Recommendations include increased government support for these institutions, fostering partnerships with educational institutions, and implementing digital preservation strategies to extend the reach of archival collections.