This article examines Child Soldiers and Moral Responsibility: Agency, Victimhood, and Reintegration with a focused emphasis on Senegal within the field of Arts & Humanities. It is structured as a survey research article that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.