Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to enhance transparency in supply chains, particularly within mineral extraction sectors that are often characterized by high levels of corruption and inefficiency. The study employed a comprehensive search strategy across academic databases, including Scopus and Web of Science, to identify relevant studies published between and . A manual screening process was used to assess the eligibility of articles based on predefined inclusion criteria. A thematic analysis revealed that while blockchain technology showed promise in enhancing transparency, significant challenges such as high initial costs and regulatory uncertainties hindered its widespread adoption. Blockchain technology can contribute significantly to improving supply chain transparency in mineral extraction by reducing corruption and increasing accountability. However, further research is needed to address the identified barriers. Policy makers should consider implementing blockchain pilots in DRC and Mali to assess feasibility and potential benefits, while also addressing regulatory frameworks to ensure widespread adoption. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.