The political economy dynamics in central African natural resource extraction are complex and multifaceted, with significant implications for regional stability and development. Theoretical analysis will be employed to construct a robust model grounded in existing literature and empirical data from Mauritius as a case study. This theoretical framework provides a foundational understanding for policymakers and scholars to address the challenges and potential benefits associated with natural resource extraction in Central Africa. Policymakers should prioritise strengthening anti-corruption measures and enhancing transparency in resource management to mitigate negative impacts on economic development.