African International Relations is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Climate Change and Human Security in Somalia's Sahel Region
This study explores how climate change affects human security in Somalia's Sahel region. Qualitative ethnographic methods were employed through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and archival research within selected villages and local administration centers. A key finding is that approximately 70% of households reported reduced crop yields due to erratic rainfall patterns over the past five years, leading to increased food insecurity. The study highlights the vulnerability of Sahelian communities to climate-induced shocks, underscoring the need for localized adaptation strategies and integrated governance solutions. Local authorities should prioritise early warning systems and community-based agricultural diversification programmes to enhance resilience against future climatic events.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Development Impact Evaluation of School-Based Nutrition Programmes in Kampala Slums, Uganda
This study examines the impact of school-based nutrition programmes in Kampala slums, focusing on at-risk children. An ethnographic study was conducted over two years, involving participant observation, interviews with stakeholders, and documentary analysis. Data collection focused on nutrition education initiatives, meal provision systems, and community feedback mechanisms. A significant proportion (45%) of participating children showed improved nutritional status after the programme implementation, attributed to increased access to nutritious meals and enhanced dietary knowledge among caregivers. The study concludes that school-based nutrition programmes have a positive impact on improving nutritional outcomes in slum communities, though challenges persist regarding sustainability and resource allocation. To further enhance effectiveness, the programme should be integrated with broader community health initiatives, including parental education and regular monitoring of child development indicators.
Impact of Community Gardening Workshops on Food Security in Ghanaian Favelas
Community gardening initiatives have been proposed as a potential solution to food security challenges in urban areas of developing countries like Ghana. Favelas in Accra represent marginalized communities with limited access to fresh produce, often relying on expensive imported foods. The research employed a survey design with structured questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews, phone calls, and email surveys. Data collection was conducted from January to March across five randomly selected favelas in Accra. Findings indicate that participants gained knowledge on sustainable gardening techniques and practices; however, a significant proportion (45%) of respondents still lack access to necessary resources such as seeds and tools. The study concludes that while community gardening workshops improved awareness regarding food security issues, further support is needed to address practical barriers to implementation. For future research, it is recommended that policymakers integrate sustainable agriculture programmes into urban planning initiatives and provide financial assistance for initiating community gardens in favelas.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Enrollment Dynamics in Early Childhood Development Centres Targeted at Low-Income Mothers in Nairobi, Kenya,
Early Childhood Development (ECD) centers in Nairobi, Kenya, are pivotal for supporting low-income families with young children. The study employed ethnographic methods to observe and analyse the operational practices and user interactions within selected ECD centers. Despite these challenges, there were notable improvements in enrollment rates observed from previous years, suggesting potential strategies for future support and expansion of services. Future research should explore the impact of subsidies and partnerships with local businesses to enhance accessibility and affordability for low-income families.
Pan-Africanism is a concept that advocates for unity and solidarity among African peoples to address common challenges and promote collective interests. A survey research approach was employed to gather qualitative data from a sample of political scientists and diplomats in South Africa. The findings indicate that while Pan-Africanism has provided a framework for cooperation, it faces challenges related to resource distribution and cultural diversity among African nations. Despite these challenges, the survey reveals opportunities for strengthening Pan-Africanist initiatives through improved intergovernmental collaboration and enhanced dialogue mechanisms. South Africa should prioritise regional integration efforts that promote equitable development across its African counterparts.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Water Scarcity Tensions and Conflict Resolution Framework in the Nile Basin of Malawi, 2008
The Nile Basin is a critical water resource for Malawi, facing increasing water scarcity due to climate change and population growth. A qualitative analysis of existing literature and stakeholder perspectives to identify key conflict drivers and mitigation mechanisms. The theoretical framework emphasizes the importance of equitable resource sharing and adaptive management strategies in mitigating future conflicts. Promote participatory governance models that include all affected stakeholders for sustainable water resource management.
Traditional Medicine in Contemporary Nigerian Healthcare Systems
Traditional medicine plays a significant role in Nigeria's healthcare system, blending traditional practices with modern medical interventions. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with semi-structured questionnaires among policymakers, traditional healers, and patients to assess current practices and needs. Traditional medicine accounts for approximately 60% of primary healthcare services in Nigeria, with significant variations across regions. The integration of traditional medicine into formal healthcare systems is essential for addressing health disparities and improving accessibility. Develop a national policy framework that recognizes the importance of traditional medicine while ensuring safety and efficacy standards are met.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rural Teacher Professional Development Workshops and Student Achievement Gains in Ethiopian Primary Schools
Rural primary schools in Ethiopia face challenges such as limited teacher training and resources, leading to suboptimal student achievement. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from standardised test scores and qualitative insights through interviews with teachers and students. Rural teacher professional development workshops led to a significant increase (20%) in student achievement across multiple subjects, particularly in mathematics and reading skills. The workshops have demonstrably improved educational quality by enhancing teachers' pedagogical practices and resource management. Expand the training programmes to all rural primary schools, integrate technology for continuous learning, and conduct ongoing impact evaluations.
Afrofuturism as a Framework for Envisioning African Futures in South Africa
Afrofuturism is a cultural movement that explores visions of Africa's future through science fiction and other artistic expressions. The study employs thematic analysis of Afrofuturist works and policy documents, incorporating interviews with key stakeholders to explore their interpretations and applications of Afrofuturist ideas. A significant theme emerged regarding the use of Afrofuturism in South African climate change discourse, where it is used to envision sustainable futures for the continent. Afrofuturism offers a valuable framework for envisioning and discussing Africa's future challenges and opportunities, particularly in environmental policy. Further research should explore how Afrofuturist ideas can be integrated into broader African policy frameworks to promote sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender and Power Dynamics in South African Political Transitions Revisited
Recent political transitions in South Africa have highlighted gender disparities in power distribution among leaders and within governance structures. This mixed-methods study integrates quantitative data from national election results to analyse voting behaviour by gender and qualitative interviews with political actors to uncover their perspectives and experiences regarding gendered power distribution in South Africa’s political landscape. The analysis reveals a significant disparity between male and female candidates' electoral success, with women facing higher barriers to entry into leadership roles compared to men. Gender continues to be a critical factor shaping power dynamics within South African politics, necessitating targeted interventions aimed at promoting gender equality in political participation and representation. Policy recommendations include the development of gender-sensitive electoral laws and strengthening of gender quotas for political parties to ensure fairer representation of women in leadership positions.
A Community-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Models Framework in South African Coastal Villages
South African coastal villages are grappling with high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates, necessitating innovative community-based prevention and care models. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews, quantitative surveys, and longitudinal data analysis to assess model implementation and impact. The framework identifies key themes such as community engagement, resource mobilization, and collaborative service delivery for effective intervention. Policy makers should prioritise funding for scalable replication of successful models and ongoing support structures.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Microfinance's Influence on Women's Livelihoods in Rural Rwanda
Microfinance has emerged as a significant development tool in rural areas of Africa, particularly in Rwanda where it aims to empower women economically. Qualitative research methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews and document analysis, to gather insights from diverse stakeholders. A notable finding was the consistent increase in income among participating female microfinance borrowers by an average of 25% over the study period. Microfinance programmes have positively influenced women's economic stability and resilience in rural Rwanda, though challenges remain in sustainability and inclusivity. Sustainable expansion of microfinance services should prioritise community engagement and address potential financial barriers to participation.
Environmental Justice Movements in Mozambique's Resource-Rich Regions, 2004
This study examines environmental justice movements in Mozambique’s resource-rich regions, focusing on the country's diverse geographical and socio-economic landscapes. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with focus groups to gather insights from affected communities and environmental activists. A notable finding is that approximately 40% of respondents in resource-rich areas reported experiencing health issues due to pollution from mining activities, highlighting the urgent need for local governance reforms. The study underscores the effectiveness of community-led initiatives in advocating for sustainable development and environmental protection in Mozambique's resource sectors. Policy recommendations include enhancing transparency in resource extraction projects, increasing public participation in decision-making processes, and establishing environmental impact assessment frameworks that prioritise local well-being.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adoption Dynamics of Drought-Resistant Rice Varieties Among Northern Ethiopian Farmers
Drought-resistant rice varieties have been introduced to address food security challenges in northern Ethiopia's arid regions. Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions with farmers in selected villages. Farmers adopted the varieties at varying rates, influenced by factors such as climate resilience, farmer knowledge, and access to extension services. A notable theme emerged regarding the perceived benefits of reduced water usage and increased yield stability. The study highlights the importance of context-specific interventions for effective adoption of drought-resistant rice varieties in Ethiopian agriculture. Policy makers should prioritise capacity building for farmers, enhance access to extension services, and implement targeted climate-resilience programmes.
Impact Evaluation of Mobile Payment Systems on Financial Literacy Among Senegalese Farmers
This work examines the impact of mobile payment systems on financial literacy among Senegalese farmers in Madagascar. A mixed-methods approach combining surveys, interviews, and econometric analysis was employed to assess both quantitative data on adoption rates and qualitative insights into farmer experiences in Madagascar. The findings underscore the potential of mobile payment systems as a catalyst for improving agricultural productivity and financial inclusion in rural areas of Madagascar. Policy makers should incentivize the adoption of mobile payment systems through subsidies or training programmes, while also promoting awareness campaigns among farmers to maximise benefits.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainable Innovations in Livestock Feeding for Smallholder Farmers
Livestock farming is a critical component of agriculture in Northern Tanzania, particularly for smallholder farmers who rely on livestock for income and food security. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative farmer satisfaction surveys to gather data from approximately 200 randomly selected households across four districts in Northern Tanzania. This theoretical framework provides insights into the factors affecting farmer adoption of sustainable innovations in livestock feeding, emphasising the importance of community engagement and continuous education for successful implementation. Policy makers should prioritise investments in infrastructure supporting feed supply chains and comprehensive training programmes to enhance smallholder farmers' capacity to adopt sustainable practices effectively.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Youth Identity and Political Participation in Urban Senegal
Youth identity in urban Senegal is shaped by cultural heritage and contemporary social pressures. Political participation among this demographic has seen increasing interest from scholars and policymakers alike. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a quantitative survey with over 500 respondents from various urban centers in Senegal and qualitative interviews to complement data analysis. Findings indicate that themes such as language, religion, and economic status significantly influence youth political participation. For instance, a higher proportion (38%) of respondents from the Wolof ethnic group reported they would vote if given the opportunity, compared to other groups. The analysis reveals nuanced patterns in how urban Senegalese youths perceive politics and their engagement levels vary based on these factors. Policy recommendations suggest targeted interventions aimed at addressing language barriers to improve political education among Wolof youth. Additionally, economic empowerment programmes are recommended for broader social inclusion.
Youth Identity and Participation in Urban Congo
Youth identity and political participation in urban areas of Congo have emerged as critical topics within African studies. The review employs an interpretive approach to analyse existing literature and data from various sources including academic journals, government reports, and non-governmental organisation (NGO) studies. Themes such as economic disparities, education levels, and access to resources significantly influence youth perceptions of their identity within urban Congolese societies. These factors are particularly pronounced in Kinshasa, the country's capital city. The review underscores the importance of understanding how identity shapes political engagement among young people in Congo’s urban centers, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to enhance participation and inclusion. Policy makers should consider integrating youth development programmes that address economic empowerment and education as key strategies to foster greater civic engagement.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Electric Scooters as Urban Transport Solutions in Nairobi Slums
Electric scooters have emerged as a viable urban transport solution in various cities around the world, offering an alternative to traditional public and private modes of transportation. Nairobi’s slums present unique challenges and opportunities for such solutions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights from focus group discussions among users and local stakeholders. Electric scooter usage has grown significantly in Nairobi slums, with a notable increase of 40% in daily ridership over the past year. Users report reduced travel times by up to 25 minutes per journey. The adoption of electric scooters as urban transport solutions shows promise for improving mobility and reducing congestion in Nairobi’s slums, although challenges remain related to safety and regulatory frameworks. Local governments should prioritise the development of safe infrastructure and implement targeted regulations to support the growth and sustainability of electric scooter usage within slum communities.
Adoption Rates and Long-term Viability of Community-Led Total Sanitation in Rural Ethiopian Water Supply Systems
Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is a participatory approach to improving water and sanitation in rural communities, particularly in Africa. The analysis relies on qualitative data from community surveys conducted annually since the early 2000s. While CLTS has been effective in promoting water and sanitation improvements, challenges persist such as sustainable financing mechanisms and community engagement over extended periods. Policy makers should consider implementing robust monitoring systems to track long-term sustainability and explore innovative funding models to support these initiatives in rural settings.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Community Health Workers’ Impact on Tuberculosis Control in South African Townships
South African townships face significant challenges in tuberculosis (TB) control due to socio-economic factors such as poverty and limited access to healthcare. A qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews with CHWs and community members to explore perceptions and experiences related to TB control efforts. Community health workers reported a significant increase (30%) in TB case detection rates among their communities, attributed to proactive outreach strategies and improved communication channels. Themes emerged around the need for ongoing training and support for CHWs to sustain their effectiveness over time. CHWs play a pivotal role in enhancing TB control efforts within South African townships by facilitating early diagnosis and treatment adherence. Investment should be prioritised in expanding CHW networks with adequate resources, including ongoing professional development opportunities to maintain high standards of care and efficacy.