The Nile Basin, spanning multiple countries including Ghana, is characterized by varying water resources and significant socio-economic disparities that can lead to conflict over water scarcity. No empirical data will be used; instead, a comprehensive review of existing research will inform the theoretical development, emphasising qualitative analysis for depth in understanding. The theoretical framework underscores the importance of equitable resource management and community engagement in mitigating potential conflicts arising from water scarcity in the Nile Basin context. Developing robust governance structures that prioritise equitable access to water resources, alongside promoting sustainable agricultural practices and enhancing public awareness programmes on water conservation are recommended strategies for conflict mitigation.