Revisiting Digital Inclusion and the Digital Divide in Rural African Communities: A Replication Study from Egypt

Digital inclusion and the digital divide have been significant topics in African studies, particularly focusing on rural communities within Egypt. The replication study employs survey data collected from onwards, utilising existing datasets for analysis. The methodological approach remains unchanged but is rigorously tested for reliability and validity. The replicated findings indicate that while internet access has increased in rural areas, disparities in digital literacy remain substantial, affecting the ability of individuals to fully benefit from digital technologies. This replication study reaffirms earlier conclusions about the persistent challenges faced by rural communities in accessing and utilising digital resources effectively. Policy recommendations include investments in digital education programmes specifically targeted at improving digital literacy among rural populations.