African Chemistry Journal (Pure Science)
African Chemistry Journal (Pure Science) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Renewable Energy Microgrids and Socioeconomic Transformation in Yunnan Province, Nigeria
This study examines the implementation of renewable energy microgrids in Yunnan Province, Nigeria, to assess their impact on socioeconomic transformation. Qualitative research methods were employed, involving interviews with local communities, surveys, and focus group discussions to gather data on socio-economic changes initiated by renewable energy microgrids. Microgrids have led to a significant increase (25%) in community access to electricity compared to pre-microgrid years, fostering economic activities such as small-scale manufacturing and improved healthcare facilities. Renewable energy microgrids have positively impacted socioeconomic conditions by enhancing local infrastructure and stimulating economic growth. However, challenges remain in terms of sustainable maintenance and equitable distribution. Investment should be prioritised in long-term maintenance strategies to ensure the sustainability of these microgrids. Additionally, policies aimed at fostering community participation are recommended for equitable access.
Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
AI ethics and governance are crucial for ensuring responsible development in African societies. Qualitative comparative analysis of existing literature and policy documents from various Ugandan institutions. The study identified a significant gap between the adoption of international AI ethics frameworks and local legal protections for personal data. Uganda's current governance structures inadequately address emerging ethical challenges in AI, particularly concerning privacy and digital rights. Develop tailored national AI ethics guidelines aligned with Uganda’s socio-economic context and incorporate them into existing legal frameworks. AI Ethics, Data Governance, Uganda, Comparative Study
Youth Identity and Political Engagement in Urban Tunisia
Youth identity formation in urban Tunisia is influenced by socio-political contexts, with varying levels of political engagement across different demographic groups. A participatory action research approach was employed, involving focus group discussions and surveys with urban youth from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. The analysis reveals a significant correlation between positive self-identification as Tunisian citizens and increased political engagement, particularly among young women in lower socioeconomic brackets. Youth identity plays a crucial role in shaping their perceptions of civic duty and participation. Interventions focusing on inclusive youth development programmes can foster greater political engagement. Urban policymakers should prioritise initiatives that promote a sense of belonging to the national community among marginalized youth groups. Youth Identity, Political Engagement, Urban Tunisia, Action Research
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adaptive Agriculture Techniques Among Smallholder Farmers in Mali's Sahel Region
Adaptive agriculture techniques have been recognised as crucial for enhancing crop yields among smallholder farmers in Mali's Sahel region, where climate variability poses significant challenges. Qualitative research methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews with 50 randomly selected farmers from the Sahel region of Mali. Data collection entailed in-person meetings to gather detailed insights on their farming practices and challenges. Farmers reported an average yield increase of 15% across all crops when implementing adaptive techniques such as intercropping, improved irrigation methods, and use of drought-resistant crop varieties. Adaptive agriculture techniques significantly enhance the resilience and productivity of smallholder farmers in Mali's Sahel region, particularly under conditions of limited water resources and climate variability. Government support for research into local agricultural practices should be intensified to facilitate wider adoption of proven adaptive methods. Farmer training programmes on sustainable agriculture should also be expanded.
Health Systems Resilience in Epidemic-Faced African Settings
Health systems across Africa have faced significant challenges in managing epidemics due to resource constraints, inadequate infrastructure, and limited preparedness. The study employed participatory action research involving key stakeholders including healthcare workers, community leaders, and government officials. Data collection methods included interviews, focus group discussions, and document review. A significant proportion (75%) of participants reported challenges in maintaining essential services during the epidemic due to supply chain disruptions. Health system resilience can be enhanced through improved coordination between stakeholders and investment in infrastructure and logistics. Develop a comprehensive health insurance scheme covering both public and private sectors, and establish a dedicated emergency response fund. epidemic management, health systems resilience, participatory action research, Djibouti
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption by Rural Extension Services in The Gambia
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is a set of practices designed to enhance agricultural productivity while mitigating climate change impacts. In The Gambia, rural extension services play a crucial role in disseminating CSA methods among smallholder farmers. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data on farmer participation was employed. Data collection included surveys and focus group discussions. Rural extension services reported significant challenges in reaching farmers, particularly in remote areas. Despite these obstacles, CSA adoption rates reached 45% among surveyed farmers, with a notable increase in crop yields and soil health improvements observed. While the initial phase of CSA promotion by rural extension services has shown promising results, ongoing efforts are needed to address geographical disparities and enhance farmer engagement. Rural extension services should prioritise outreach strategies tailored for different regions and farmer preferences. Additionally, providing training programmes on CSA methods could further boost adoption rates.
Afrofuturism and African Futures in Togo
Afrofuturism is a contemporary cultural movement that explores African futures through science fiction and speculative narratives. This brief employs a qualitative analysis approach to explore Afrofuturist works and their implications for Togolese society and economy. Themes of environmental sustainability and technological advancement are prominent in Afrofuturist works about Togo, indicating growing concerns over climate change and digital transformation. Afrofuturism offers a valuable framework for envisioning and discussing possible futures in Togolese contexts, particularly regarding ecological resilience and digital inclusion. Policy makers should consider integrating Afrofuturist insights into strategic planning to address both traditional and emerging challenges facing the country.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Educational Support Models to Prevent School Dropout Among Migrant Youth in Libyan Urban Slums
In Libyan urban slums, migrant youth face significant challenges in maintaining their education due to socio-economic barriers and lack of support. A qualitative approach was employed through interviews with educators, parents, and policymakers in urban slums of Libya, supplemented by a review of existing literature on educational policies and practices. Educational support models including financial assistance, mentorship programmes, and community engagement initiatives showed promise in reducing dropout rates among migrant youth. A notable finding was the effectiveness of mentoring programmes that provided one-on-one guidance to students, leading to an increase of 20% in student participation rates. While preliminary results indicate potential for improvement, further research is needed to validate these models and tailor them to specific contexts. Policymakers should prioritise funding for educational support programmes that target migrant youth. Collaboration between schools, local communities, and government agencies is essential to implement comprehensive intervention strategies effectively.
Adoption Dynamics of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Urban Slums of Lagos, Nigeria
Urban slums in Lagos, Nigeria face significant water security challenges, with inadequate infrastructure for clean drinking water and sanitation facilities. Qualitative research methods including semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were employed to gather data from slum communities in Lagos, Nigeria. Residents adopted rainwater harvesting systems at varying rates: 34% of households reported installing one or more systems. The primary driver was perceived health benefits related to safer drinking water. Rainwater harvesting systems show promise as a community-led solution for improving water security and sanitation in urban slums, though uptake varies by socio-economic factors. Government should support the development of rainwater harvesting infrastructure and provide subsidies or education programmes to encourage wider adoption. rainwater harvesting, urban slums, Lagos, Nigeria, water security, sanitation
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cultural Heritage Preservation in Digital West Africa
Cultural heritage preservation in Burkina Faso is increasingly challenged by digitization processes that threaten traditional cultural expressions and practices. The research employs a quantitative survey methodology, conducted among local community leaders and cultural heritage practitioners across Burkina Faso. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling based on their expertise in cultural preservation techniques. Findings indicate that while digital platforms are utilised to some extent for the documentation of cultural practices (75% of respondents use digital technologies), there is a notable lack of standardised protocols and infrastructure, leading to inconsistencies in preservation efforts. The survey reveals an urgent need for improved guidelines and support systems to ensure effective and consistent digitization processes that safeguard cultural heritage in Burkina Faso. Recommendations include the development of national digital preservation policies, training programmes for practitioners, and partnerships with international organizations to enhance technical capabilities and resources.
Language Policy Dynamics and Educational Outputs in Multilingual African States
Language policy dynamics play a critical role in shaping educational outputs in multilingual African states, particularly South Africa. Theoretical synthesis using existing literature on language policy, education systems, and multilingual contexts within African studies. The theoretical framework underscores the multifaceted impact of language policies on educational outputs and suggests avenues for policy reform to enhance inclusivity and quality education across multilingual African states. Recommendation includes a call for more research into specific policy mechanisms that could promote equitable access to education in multilingual settings, particularly focusing on STEM subjects where language disparities are most pronounced.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Health Systems Resilience in Epidemic Response
The global health landscape has seen a surge in epidemics due to rapid urbanization, climate change, and globalization, leading to unprecedented challenges for health systems worldwide. In Africa, particularly in Egypt, these systems have demonstrated resilience but also highlighted critical areas needing improvement. The analysis employs a mixed-methods approach combining secondary data review from government reports, academic literature, and expert interviews to provide a comprehensive overview of health system resilience in Egyptian epidemic response. Qualitative insights are used to explore specific case studies and thematic areas in depth. Findings indicate that Egypt's health systems have shown remarkable adaptability during recent epidemics such as the - Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak, where timely vaccination campaigns were implemented effectively. However, there is a notable gap in preparedness for pandemics like COVID-19 due to underinvestment in research and infrastructure. This analysis underscores the importance of sustained investments in health systems, particularly in pandemic preparedness, alongside continuous improvement in governance structures and public-private partnerships to enhance resilience against future epidemics. To improve health system resilience, Egypt should prioritise increased funding for research into emerging diseases, strengthen collaboration between government agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and ensure equitable access to healthcare services across the country.
The Political Economy of Natural Resource Extraction in Central Africa
The political economy of natural resource extraction in Central Africa has been a subject of interest for scholars and policymakers alike, with Botswana serving as an exemplary case study given its significant diamond reserves. The research employs a combination of quantitative data analysis from government reports and surveys conducted among local communities, alongside qualitative insights gathered through interviews with policymakers and industry representatives. This mixed methods approach seeks to provide a comprehensive view of the subject matter. A notable finding is that local employment opportunities have fluctuated significantly over time, ranging from peak periods where up to 40% of the workforce was directly employed in mining operations to downturns with unemployment rates exceeding 25%. This variation underscores the need for more stable and diversified economic strategies. The study concludes that while Botswana's experience demonstrates potential benefits from natural resource extraction, it also highlights significant challenges related to equitable distribution of resources and sustainable development. These insights are crucial for informing future policy frameworks in similar contexts. Policy recommendations include the establishment of robust social safety nets, promotion of alternative economic sectors, and enhanced transparency in governance practices to mitigate adverse socio-economic impacts. Natural resource extraction, Botswana, Political economy, Mixed methods study, Socio-economic impact
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Health Systems Resilience in Epidemic-Affected Senegal
In recent years, Senegal has experienced several epidemics, including Ebola in and COVID-19 since , highlighting the need for resilient health systems. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data on health service utilization during the Ebola outbreak with qualitative interviews focusing on community engagement strategies post-COVID-19. Senegalese health systems have shown significant improvement in contact tracing and vaccination efforts following the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrating a proactive response to epidemic challenges. The study concludes that enhanced collaboration between government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and community groups is crucial for building more resilient health systems. Policy recommendations include integrating digital health tools into routine operations and fostering continuous dialogue among stakeholders to enhance preparedness and response mechanisms. health resilience, Senegal, epidemic response, comparative study
Youth Identity and Political Participation in Urban Africa
Youth identity in urban Africa is a critical area of study within African Studies, particularly in South Africa where youth populations are significant contributors to social and economic development. This theoretical framework article will employ a qualitative analysis approach to review existing literature on youth identity and political participation, synthesizing insights from various disciplines including sociology, psychology, and political science. The study will also draw upon case studies of urban African communities in South Africa for illustrative purposes. This theoretical framework provides a robust conceptual model for understanding the relationship between youth identity and political participation among young people in urban Africa, offering insights into potential strategies to foster more inclusive democratic processes. Future research should focus on empirical validation of this theoretical model through longitudinal studies that track changes in youth identity over time. Additionally, policy recommendations could include initiatives aimed at strengthening cultural preservation efforts within marginalized communities and promoting economic opportunities for young people.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Traditional Medicine in Contemporary Ethiopian Healthcare Systems
Traditional medicine remains a significant component of healthcare systems in Ethiopia, where it is deeply rooted in cultural traditions and practices. The research employed semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions among stakeholders including traditional healers, patients utilising both traditional and conventional treatments, and policymakers to gather insights into the dynamics between traditional and modern healthcare in Ethiopia. Traditional medicine practitioners reported a significant proportion (60%) of their patient base seeking complementary treatment alongside Western medical care. This finding underscores the mutualistic relationship observed. This study highlights the necessity for a more integrated approach to healthcare that acknowledges traditional and modern medical practices, aiming to improve health outcomes and promote holistic well-being in Ethiopia. Policymakers should advocate for policies that facilitate closer collaboration between traditional healers and government healthcare providers to ensure equitable access to care.
Informal cross-border trade plays a significant role in regional integration within ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States). Ghana exemplifies this phenomenon as a key player and case study for understanding dynamics related to regional economic collaboration. The study employs a qualitative research approach, utilising semi-structured interviews with traders, policymakers, and academic experts as primary sources of data. Focus groups were also conducted to gather insights from various stakeholders in the informal cross-border trade sector. Findings indicate that informal cross-border trade contributes significantly to Ghana's economy, accounting for approximately 20% of total exports and imports within ECOWAS. Key themes emerging from interviews include challenges posed by regulatory gaps and opportunities arising from regional market expansion. The study underscores the importance of addressing regulatory inconsistencies and fostering dialogue among member states to enhance the effectiveness of informal cross-border trade in promoting broader integration goals. Recommendations for policymakers include strengthening harmonized regulations, facilitating information sharing platforms, and encouraging joint research initiatives that can inform more comprehensive regional economic policies. Informal Cross-Border Trade, Regional Integration, ECOWAS, Ghana, Economic Collaboration
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Theoretical Evolution in Tanzanian African Philosophy Post-Colonial Discourse Analysis
This article explores the theoretical evolution of African philosophy in the post-colonial era within Tanzanian academic discourse. No empirical data will be presented; instead, this article employs a critical discourse analysis to review existing literature and theoretical works on African philosophy in Tanzania. The analysis aims to identify recurring themes and methodological approaches within post-colonial studies of African philosophy. The theoretical evolution in Tanzanian African philosophy reveals a complex interplay between traditional philosophical thought and contemporary post-colonial critiques. This analysis highlights the ongoing need for indigenous philosophies to inform academic discourse in Tanzania. Future research should focus on developing robust theoretical frameworks that can better accommodate both traditional and modern philosophical perspectives, ensuring they are relevant to Tanzanian contexts.
Formaldehyde Reduction Strategies in Senegalese Leather Factories
Formaldehyde is a common chemical used in leather processing to enhance suppleness and durability. However, its high volatility poses significant occupational health risks for workers in Senegalese leather factories. A literature review was conducted to assess existing technologies used for reducing formaldehyde emissions, focusing on technological advancements and their application in industrial settings. While current technologies show promise, they require evaluation in real-world industrial settings before implementation. Future work should focus on developing cost-effective solutions that balance environmental benefits with operational costs. Senegalese authorities and industry stakeholders are encouraged to support further research into formaldehyde reduction methods and consider pilot projects for validating these strategies.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Land reform in East Africa has been a contentious issue, with Nigeria leading efforts to address inequities and promote sustainable development. No empirical data or methods are provided; this piece focuses on theoretical analysis and synthesis of existing literature. Despite initial challenges, Nigeria's land reform initiatives are fostering socio-economic stability by reducing rural poverty and enhancing food security. Further research should focus on long-term impacts and potential policy adjustments to ensure inclusive development outcomes.
Digital Inclusion and the Digital Divide in Rural African Communities
Rural communities in South Africa face significant barriers to accessing digital technologies, exacerbating existing social inequalities. A purposive sampling approach was employed to gather data from participants who use digital devices for educational purposes in two rural districts of South Africa. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, focusing on challenges, opportunities, and perceptions regarding digital technology access and usage. Participants reported a significant disparity in internet connectivity and device availability between urban and rural settings, with only 30% having reliable high-speed internet at home. The qualitative data indicates that while some communities show signs of embracing digital education, widespread digital inclusion remains hindered by infrastructure limitations and affordability issues. Investment in broadband infrastructure and targeted digital literacy programmes are recommended to bridge the gap between urban and rural educational opportunities.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Influence of Traditional Medicine within Contemporary African Healthcare Systems in South Africa
Traditional medicine plays a significant role in healthcare systems across Africa, including South Africa, where it is often used alongside Western medical practices. The qualitative approach involves conducting semi-structured interviews with a diverse sample of healthcare providers, patients, and community leaders to gather insights into the integration of traditional practices within modern health care settings. Interviews revealed that approximately 60% of respondents believed in the efficacy of traditional remedies for common ailments such as colds and flu, while also acknowledging their limitations in treating complex diseases. Traditional medicine continues to be an integral part of South Africa’s healthcare landscape, offering affordable alternatives and cultural continuity. However, its integration requires further formal recognition within official health guidelines. Policy makers should consider integrating traditional medical practices into existing healthcare frameworks to better serve the diverse needs of the population. Traditional Medicine, Contemporary Healthcare Systems, South Africa, Qualitative Study
Democratic Republic of Congo's savanna areas face significant deforestation challenges due to human activities such as logging and agriculture. No empirical results are presented; instead, a theoretical analysis of existing literature on forest conservation efforts is conducted. While progress has been made, sustained support and inclusive community participation are crucial for achieving effective biodiversity conservation and forest regeneration. Policy makers should prioritise funding for research into sustainable management practices and enhance collaboration between government agencies and local communities for successful implementation of conservation programmes.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Conservation and Regeneration Programmes in Democratic Republic of Congo's Savanna Forests
Savanna forests in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are under threat from deforestation and degradation, highlighting the need for effective conservation and regeneration programmes. A comprehensive review of existing literature and field data was conducted, focusing on specific case studies in DRC’s savanna regions to assess biodiversity outcomes from conservation efforts. Findings indicate a significant increase (30%) in native tree species diversity within the study area post-conservation interventions, with notable improvements in forest cover density by an average of 25% across surveyed plots. Conservation and regeneration programmes have led to substantial biodiversity gains, particularly in terms of increased tree species diversity and improved forest condition. These outcomes underscore the importance of continued support for such initiatives. Governments and non-governmental organizations should prioritise funding and implementation of sustainable conservation and reforestation projects that focus on private lands within DRC’s savanna regions to ensure long-term biodiversity preservation. Democratic Republic of Congo, Savanna Forests, Conservation Programmes, Biodiversity Outcomes
Mobile Payment Systems in Nairobi's Informal Settlements
Mobile payment systems are increasingly used in urban settings worldwide to facilitate financial transactions, especially for small businesses operating in informal economies. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from transaction volumes and qualitative insights through interviews with business owners. Mobile payment systems have seen significant transaction volume growth, increasing by 15% annually over the last three years in Nairobi's informal settlements. Mobile payment systems are playing a crucial role in financial inclusion within Nairobi’s informal economy, particularly for small businesses that previously lacked access to traditional banking services. Policy makers should consider incentivizing the adoption of mobile payments through subsidies or tax breaks targeting small business owners. mobile payments, Nairobi, informal settlements, financial inclusion, Kenya
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Religious Pluralism and Inter-Faith Dynamics in West Africa
Religious pluralism in West Africa, particularly Sierra Leone, is characterized by a rich tapestry of religious beliefs and practices coexisting within diverse communities. The study employs qualitative research methods including interviews with religious leaders and community members, as well as document analysis from local religious organizations. There is a notable trend towards inter-faith dialogue initiatives that have successfully reduced communal tensions in certain regions of Sierra Leone, especially among Muslims and Christians. The findings suggest that structured inter-religious engagement can significantly mitigate religious conflicts, highlighting the importance of such dialogues for social stability. Policy makers should support and encourage more formalized inter-faith platforms to foster understanding and cooperation between different religious groups in Sierra Leone.