Informal Cross-Border Trade Networks within ECOWAS: An Action Research Study in Togo,

Informal cross-border trade networks play a significant role in regional integration within ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States). In Togo, these networks have been observed to facilitate economic growth and social interactions across borders. An action research approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with a sample of 30 traders from various regions within Togo. Data collection also included observations at key trade hubs and secondary data analysis. The findings indicate that informal cross-border trade networks in Togo operate along major roads connecting the country to neighboring countries such as Ghana, Benin, and Burkina Faso. Over 70% of traders reported engaging in transactions with partners from these countries. This study underscores the importance of informal trade networks for regional integration in Togo, highlighting their role in bridging economic gaps between different regions within ECOWAS. Policy recommendations include strengthening border management to improve cross-border security and facilitating information exchange among traders to reduce transaction costs.