Water scarcity is a significant challenge in Tanzania's Nile Basin, affecting both agricultural productivity and socio-economic development. A comprehensive literature review encompassing academic journals, government reports, and international studies published within the last five years. Recent studies highlight the importance of implementing integrated water resources management (IWRM) policies to mitigate conflicts over shared water resources. While existing works emphasise the need for collaborative frameworks and equitable resource allocation mechanisms, there is a lack of empirical data on their effectiveness in conflict resolution. Further research should focus on developing and testing IWRM models in diverse Nile Basin settings to enhance their practical applicability.