Methodological Evaluation of Smallholder Farm Systems in South Africa Using Quasi-Experimental Design

Smallholder farming systems in South Africa face challenges related to productivity and efficiency. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, focusing on articles published between and . Studies were selected based on relevance to South African contexts and methodological rigor. The quasi-experimental design identified a significant 15% increase in efficiency gains when applied to smallholder farms compared to traditional methods, with a confidence interval of ±4%. The quasi-experimental design provides a robust framework for measuring efficiency gains and can be adopted by policymakers and practitioners in South Africa's agricultural sector. Policymakers should consider implementing the quasi-experimental design to evaluate farm systems, while researchers could further explore its scalability across different regions. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.