The Sahel region in Africa faces significant environmental challenges exacerbated by climate change, impacting human security. A qualitative approach was employed to analyse case studies from the region, incorporating interviews and secondary data analysis. There is a notable trend of increasing desertification rates, affecting agricultural productivity and leading to food insecurity in some regions. Climate change exacerbates existing vulnerabilities such as poverty and displacement among Sahelian populations. Enhanced early warning systems and community-based adaptation strategies are recommended to mitigate climate-related risks.