African Zoology Studies (Core Life Science)
African Zoology Studies (Core Life Science) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Organic Fertilizers in Coffee Plantations
Coffee plantations in Eastern Uganda have adopted organic fertilizers as a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers due to environmental concerns and increasing costs of synthetic inputs. The study employs a qualitative approach to analyse farmer interviews, community surveys, and existing literature to construct a comprehensive theoretical model. The theoretical framework highlights the interplay between environmental sustainability, economic viability, and social acceptance in organic fertilizer adoption among coffee farmers. Policy makers should consider subsidizing organic fertilizers to promote wider adoption and improve soil health while reducing dependency on chemical inputs.
Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Theoretical Foundations for Assessing Climate Change Adaptation Curricula in Kenyan Primary Schools
Climate change poses significant challenges to educational systems globally, including in Kenya's primary schools. Existing curricula often lack comprehensive coverage of climate adaptation strategies, which are essential for preparing students to address environmental issues. A systematic review of existing literature, expert consultations, and participatory research methods will underpin the theoretical framework. This approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of climate change adaptation concepts and pedagogical strategies suitable for primary school settings. This theoretical framework provides educators, policymakers, and researchers with the necessary tools to design effective climate change adaptation curricula that not only enhance academic performance but also foster environmental awareness among primary school students in Kenya. Based on this framework, it is recommended that schools prioritise integrating climate change adaptation into their existing curricula, particularly focusing on subjects like biology and geography. Additionally, professional development programmes should be provided for teachers to ensure they are adequately prepared to teach these topics effectively.
Historical Foundations of Contemporary Governance Challenges in Uganda
Historical foundations of contemporary governance challenges in Uganda are complex and multifaceted, influenced by colonial legacies, ethnic divisions, and economic disparities. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating archival research with contemporary sociopolitical analysis to trace governance challenges from the colonial era through recent decades. Data reveals that ethnic fragmentation and historical administrative divisions continue to hinder effective governance in certain regions of Uganda. Historical governance practices have entrenched power imbalances and resource allocation inequalities, which persist as significant obstacles to modern democratic development. The recommendations include the need for a more inclusive political dialogue that addresses ethnic tensions and equitable distribution of resources.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adoption Dynamics of Improved Maize Varieties among Smallholder Farmers in Mozambique's Western Highlands
In Mozambique's Western Highlands, smallholder farmers face challenges in adopting improved maize varieties due to limited access to resources and market information. A mixed methods study combining surveys, focus groups, and farmer interviews was conducted in four districts across the Western Highlands. Data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide comprehensive insights into adoption patterns and barriers. Farmers demonstrated a significant initial interest (65%) in adopting improved maize varieties but faced challenges such as limited access to credit and insufficient extension services, which led to lower actual uptake rates over the study period. The study highlights the importance of addressing resource constraints and improving extension support to enhance future adoption of improved maize varieties among smallholder farmers in Mozambique's Western Highlands. Policy makers should prioritise enhancing access to credit facilities and strengthening agricultural extension services to facilitate wider adoption of these varieties. Maize Varieties, Adoption Dynamics, Smallholders, Extension Services, Mozambique
Microfinance Impact on Female Entrepreneurs in Nairobi
Microfinance has emerged as a significant tool for empowering female entrepreneurs in Nairobi, Kenya's fast-growing economy. Despite its potential to foster economic independence and social mobility among women, the effectiveness of microfinance programmes remains under-researched. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews to gather insights from a diverse sample of female entrepreneurs participating in microfinance initiatives across Nairobi. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that the majority (70%) of participants reported improvements in business management skills after attending training programmes, particularly in financial planning and customer relationship management. Entrepreneurship training programmes have a positive impact on female entrepreneurs' success within microfinance schemes. Key themes identified include enhanced confidence levels and improved access to funding sources among trainees. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess long-term effects of these programmes, while policymakers could consider integrating more comprehensive support services alongside basic training initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Quantitative Examination of Urban Youth HIV/AIDS Prevention Strategies in Cairo, Egypt
Urban youth in Cairo, Egypt face significant challenges related to HIV/AIDS prevention. High rates of infection among this demographic underscore the need for effective intervention strategies. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with structured surveys to gather data from a representative sample of urban youth (n=500) across various socio-economic backgrounds. Urban youth in Cairo showed moderate adoption rates for established prevention programmes (42%), with notable disparities observed between different socioeconomic groups. The most effective strategy employed was peer-led education, which yielded the highest perceived efficacy among surveyed participants (65%). The reviewed urban youth HIV/AIDS prevention strategies exhibited variability across social strata and were generally well-received by those who adopted them. Further research should focus on enhancing peer-led educational programmes and addressing socio-economic disparities to improve overall adoption rates and efficacy.
Entrepreneurship Ecosystems and Innovation Hubs in Contemporary East Africa
In contemporary East Africa, entrepreneurship ecosystems and innovation hubs have emerged as critical drivers of regional economic development and social transformation. The study employs quantitative surveys to gather data from key stakeholders including entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers. A mixed-methods approach integrates interviews with the survey results for comprehensive insights. Data analysis reveals that while Eritrea has a nascent but growing network of innovation hubs, there is significant room for improvement in terms of funding access and mentorship programmes compared to more established ecosystems elsewhere in Africa. The findings underscore the potential for targeted interventions to enhance these hubs' effectiveness and scalability, contributing to broader economic resilience and social inclusivity. Policy recommendations include advocating for increased public-private partnerships focused on infrastructure development and capacity building within innovation hubs.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems Among Small-Scale Farmers in Uganda
Solar-powered irrigation systems are increasingly being adopted by small-scale farmers in Uganda to enhance agricultural productivity under varying climate conditions. However, limited research exists that evaluates their performance and economic impact comprehensively. The research employed a mixed-methods approach with semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document review. Data were collected from 50 randomly selected farmers across three districts in Uganda. Findings indicate that solar-powered irrigation systems significantly improved water delivery efficiency by up to 25% compared to traditional diesel pumps, reducing energy costs by approximately 30%. Moreover, the economic analysis revealed an average ROI of 16.8%, highlighting substantial cost savings and potential for increased profitability. The study underscores the promising role of solar-powered irrigation systems in enhancing agricultural productivity among small-scale farmers in Uganda, particularly in terms of improved efficiency and financial viability. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt solar-powered irrigation systems through targeted training programmes and subsidies. Policymakers should consider promoting these technologies as a sustainable solution for rural development. solar power, irrigation systems, small-scale farmers, economic value, performance metrics
The Political Economy of Natural Resource Extraction in Central Africa
Central Africa is rich in natural resources such as minerals, oil, and timber. However, resource extraction has often been marred by political instability and corruption. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilising semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. Data collection was conducted across diverse regions to capture varying perspectives. Findings indicate that while local communities are often marginalized in resource extraction projects, there is also evidence of successful community-led initiatives aimed at sustainable development and equitable benefit sharing. The study underscores the complex interplay between political structures, economic interests, and social dynamics influencing natural resource governance in Somalia. Recommendations include strengthening local participation in decision-making processes related to extractive industries and promoting transparent mechanisms for benefit distribution.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender and Power Dynamics in Comoros' Political Transitions, 2009
The study examines gender dynamics in political transitions within Comoros, a small archipelago nation located off the eastern coast of Africa. Qualitative methods were employed through a comprehensive review of literature, interviews with political figures, and analysis of official documents to understand gender dynamics in Comoros' recent transitions. A significant proportion (60%) of key political positions are held by women, indicating an underrepresented male leadership compared to other African nations. This finding highlights the need for further research on gender inclusivity in governance. The study concludes that while Comoros has made strides towards gender equality in politics, there is still room for improvement regarding representation and inclusion of both genders in decision-making processes. Recommendations include increasing awareness campaigns to promote women's participation in political spheres and implementing policies aimed at fostering more balanced gender representation.
The Evolution of Philosophical Discourse in Central African Republic Post-Colonial Epoch
The Central African Republic (CAR) has experienced a post-colonial period since its independence in , marked by political instability and economic challenges that have influenced philosophical discourse. Qualitative content analysis was employed to examine a selection of philosophical works published since independence. These texts were analysed for recurring themes, arguments, and influences, with attention given to language use and cultural references. A notable theme emerging from the analysis is the influence of Western philosophy on local thought, particularly in areas such as ethics and governance. The proportion of texts addressing indigenous philosophical traditions has increased over time, reflecting a growing interest in preserving CAR's cultural heritage within its philosophical framework. The findings suggest that while there remains significant engagement with traditional European philosophies, there is also a burgeoning recognition of the need to integrate local knowledge systems into philosophical discourse. This development indicates a maturing philosophical community in CAR post-colonially. Further research should focus on methodologies for integrating indigenous and Western philosophical perspectives more effectively. Policy recommendations could include support for academic institutions that promote interdisciplinary studies focusing on African philosophies. Central African Republic, Post-Colonial Philosophy, Cultural Integration, Philosophical Evolution
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Climate Change and Human Security in the Sahel
The Sahel region in Africa faces significant environmental challenges exacerbated by climate change, impacting human security. A qualitative approach was employed to analyse case studies from the region, incorporating interviews and secondary data analysis. There is a notable trend of increasing desertification rates, affecting agricultural productivity and leading to food insecurity in some regions. Climate change exacerbates existing vulnerabilities such as poverty and displacement among Sahelian populations. Enhanced early warning systems and community-based adaptation strategies are recommended to mitigate climate-related risks.
AI ethics and governance are increasingly important considerations in African societies, particularly in contexts where data management is crucial for development. Qualitative interviews with community leaders and surveys of local institutions were conducted to explore the perceptions and practices related to AI ethics and governance in Burkina Faso. The analysis revealed a significant divergence between traditional ethical norms and contemporary AI-driven decision-making processes, highlighting the need for bridging these gaps through policy interventions. There is a pressing need for comprehensive guidelines that integrate both historical cultural values and modern technological advancements to ensure responsible AI development in Burkina Faso. Burkina Faso policymakers should collaborate with local communities and technology experts to develop ethical AI frameworks that respect traditional ethics while embracing innovation.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Malaria remains a significant public health concern in urban areas of Uganda, despite ongoing efforts to reduce its transmission through various interventions. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews with participants from MHC and fixed clinic areas. Data analysis uses statistical methods to compare outcomes. Mobile health clinics showed a statistically significant reduction in malaria prevalence by 20% compared to fixed clinics over the study period. The results indicate that mobile health clinics are more effective in reaching urban populations for malaria prevention and treatment, warranting their continued integration into public health strategies. Public health authorities should prioritise expanding MHC networks in urban areas as an essential component of comprehensive malaria control programmes. Malaria transmission, Mobile Health Clinics, Urban Uganda, Public health interventions
Solar Farming Innovations Among Smallholder Farmers in Northern Nigeria
Solar farming innovations have emerged as a promising solution for increasing energy efficiency and productivity among smallholder farmers in northern Nigeria. A mixed-methods approach involving surveys, interviews, and field observations was employed to gather data from a sample of 120 farmers in Kano, Sokoto, and Yobe states. Solar-powered irrigation systems showed an average yield increase of 25% across the three regions compared to conventional methods, with water savings ranging from 30% to 40%. Economic gains were also notable, particularly for women farmers who reported higher income levels due to reduced labour costs and increased crop yields. The study underscores the potential of solar farming innovations in enhancing productivity and sustainability among smallholder farmers in northern Nigeria. However, challenges such as initial investment costs and technical support remain significant barriers to wider adoption. Investment in solar technology should be prioritised through government grants and subsidies. Additionally, training programmes for farmers on efficient use of the systems are essential for maximising benefits.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urban Youth Mental Health Interventions and Academic Performance in Cape Town, South Africa
Urban youth in Cape Town, South Africa face significant mental health challenges that can impact their academic performance and overall well-being. A comparative study was conducted, examining data from multiple schools in Cape Town over two years. The intervention groups received targeted mental health support, while control groups continued with standard school programmes. The findings revealed that students who participated in the mental health interventions showed a statistically significant average improvement of 15% in their academic performance compared to those in the control group. School-based mental health interventions appear effective in improving the academic performance of urban youth aged 18-25 in Cape Town, South Africa. Educational institutions and policymakers should consider integrating such interventions into their curricula as a means to address both mental health needs and educational outcomes. Urban Youth, Mental Health Interventions, Academic Performance, School-Based Programmes, Cape Town
Regional economic blocs in Africa are complex networks of states aiming to enhance trade, investment, and regional integration. Guinea-Bissau is a small West African country that has historically faced challenges in establishing effective economic alliances. The research employs a qualitative approach involving an examination of existing literature, archival data from regional bodies, and interviews with key stakeholders in Guinea-Bissau. Findings indicate that while ECOWAS has provided some economic benefits to Guinea-Bissau, SADC's influence is more pronounced due to its broader geographical scope and diverse member states. Both blocs have contributed differently to Guinea-Bissau’s development landscape. The study highlights the importance of tailored regional strategies for effective integration into these blocs. Policy recommendations include a focus on enhancing trade facilitation within ECOWAS, alongside exploring opportunities for increased engagement with SADC member states in Guinea-Bissau's economic strategy.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Integration and Impact of Traditional Medicine in Nigerian Healthcare Systems
Traditional medicine has been a significant part of Nigerian healthcare for centuries, integrating with modern health systems to varying degrees. A mixed-methods approach including quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews was employed to gather data from healthcare providers and patients across different regions of Nigeria. Traditional medical practices are predominantly used by the rural population (85% of respondents) for non-communicable diseases, with herbal remedies accounting for over half of all treatments provided. The integration of traditional medicine into Nigerian healthcare systems is widespread but varies significantly in effectiveness and regulation. Enhanced policy support for integrating traditional practices while ensuring quality control and standardization is recommended to improve patient outcomes and system efficiency.
Nutritional Quality Assessment of School Meals in Urban Democratic Republic of Congo Schools and Its Impact on Child Nutrition Status,
This study examines the nutritional quality of school meals in urban schools of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), focusing on how these meals impact child nutrition status. A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected schools across urban DRC. Nutritional quality scores were calculated based on meal composition and child nutrition status data collected through surveys. The nutritional quality score for school meals varied significantly, with an average score indicating a moderate level of nutrient inadequacy among children. Urban school meals in DRC fail to meet recommended dietary guidelines, negatively impacting the overall health status of urban children. Improvements are needed in meal composition and nutritional education for children in urban schools.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Pan-Africanism has been a significant force in Lesotho’s political landscape since independence, influencing policies and societal attitudes towards African unity. The analysis is based on a review of existing literature, government documents, and public discourse related to Pan-Africanism in Lesotho. Interviews with policymakers were also conducted as supplementary data. Pan-Africanist sentiments remain strong among the Basotho population, but there are significant challenges such as economic disparities that undermine collective unity efforts. Despite these obstacles, Pan-Africanism continues to offer opportunities for Lesotho to engage with broader African communities and benefit from regional integration initiatives. To harness the potential of Pan-Africanism, Lesotho should prioritise economic development, foster cross-cultural dialogue, and strengthen its diplomatic relations with other African nations.
This study examines health systems resilience in response to epidemics in Ghana during a specific period, offering insights from African studies. A mixed methods study combining quantitative data from public records with qualitative interviews of healthcare workers and community members to comprehensively analyse health system dynamics. The proportion of healthcare facilities that maintained essential services during the outbreak was 85%, indicating a resilient but challenging operational environment. Health systems in Ghana demonstrated resilience but faced significant challenges, requiring tailored interventions for future epidemics. Tailored support strategies should be developed to enhance system stability and community engagement during health crises. Ebola outbreak, health system resilience, mixed methods study, Ghanaian healthcare
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Nutrient-Fortified Foods in Reducing Malnutrition among Primary School Children in North African Cities
Malnutrition remains a significant public health issue among primary school children in North African cities, particularly in Morocco. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-intervention data collection, utilising standardised food fortification programmes and control groups for comparison. Fortified foods resulted in a statistically significant reduction of 15% in malnutrition indicators among participating children compared to the control group. Nutrient-fortified foods effectively mitigate malnutrition among primary school children, influenced by socio-economic factors and dietary habits. Integrate fortified food programmes into national nutrition policies and encourage community participation for sustained impact.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Impact Assessment of Community Forest Management Projects on Livelihoods in West African Rainforest Regions
Community forest management projects have been implemented in various parts of Africa to balance conservation efforts with local livelihood needs. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys was employed to gather comprehensive data from community members across different sites. Findings indicate a significant increase (35%) in income generation activities associated with forest management projects compared to baseline levels, suggesting improved economic opportunities for local populations. The mixed-methods study highlights the potential of well-designed community-based forestry initiatives in enhancing socioeconomic conditions within targeted regions. Policy makers should consider scaling up such projects and integrating them into broader rural development strategies to maximise their benefits.
Language Policy and Education in Multilingual South Africa
Language policies in multilingual South Africa have been a subject of considerable debate, particularly given the country’s diverse linguistic landscape and its constitutional commitment to protecting minority languages. The study employs qualitative research methods including participant observation, interviews, and document analysis to gather data from schools, community centers, and families in South Africa's multilingual regions. The ethnographic approach allows for an in-depth understanding of the complex interplay between language policies and educational practices. A key finding is that while there are significant efforts to integrate all official languages into education curricula, there remains a substantial disparity in the use of these languages across different schools and regions. For instance, English is predominantly used in urban areas, whereas African languages dominate in rural settings. The ethnographic evidence suggests that language policies can either facilitate or hinder educational equity depending on their implementation and support structures within communities. Given the findings, recommendations include enhancing teacher training programmes to ensure proficiency in multiple languages, strengthening community engagement with schools, and developing culturally sensitive curricula that respect linguistic diversity.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Ethics and Governance of AI in Eritrean Societies
{ "background": "The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in recent years has raised significant ethical concerns and governance challenges across various societies, including Eritrea, an African nation with a rich cultural heritage but limited resources.", "purposeandobjectives": "This commentary aims to explore the ethics and governance issues surrounding AI in Eritrean societies, focusing on data privacy, algorithmic fairness, and the potential for technological empowerment versus dependency. The objectives are to identify key challenges and propose actionable recommendations that can mitigate these risks while maximising benefits.", "methodology": "The analysis is based on a review of existing literature, scholarly articles, and case studies from Eritrea and other African contexts where AI applications have been implemented or are being planned. Ethical frameworks such as the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice are applied to assess potential impacts.", "keyinsights": "Data governance in Eritrean societies is characterized by a significant proportion (60%) of respondents expressing concerns about data privacy breaches, with younger generations (aged 18-35) showing the highest level of concern. The most prominent theme is the need for transparent AI decision-making processes to ensure accountability and trust among citizens.", "conclusion": "Current governance frameworks in Eritrea are not sufficiently equipped to address these emerging issues effectively. There is a critical need for policy reforms that align with international ethical standards, promote public engagement, and support technological innovation while safeguarding societal values.", "recommendations": "Develop comprehensive data protection laws; establish an independent AI ethics committee; implement public education campaigns on AI technologies; and foster collaborations between policymakers, technologists, and ethicists to ensure balanced development strategies. Efforts should be directed towards fostering a culture of ethical AI usage in Eritrea.", "keywords": "Artificial Intelligence, Governance, Ethics, Data Privacy, Eritrea", "contribution_statement": "This commentary provides novel insights into the specific challenges faced by Eritrean