Sensors and IoT Systems for Environmental Monitoring in Moroccan Mining Sites: A Technological Perspective

The mining industry in Morocco faces significant environmental challenges such as dust pollution, water contamination, and air quality degradation. A hybrid approach combining traditional sensor technology with advanced Internet of Things (IoT) solutions will be employed. The system will integrate various sensors to monitor temperature, humidity, particulate matter concentration, and gas emissions in real-time. The developed IoT platform achieved a detection accuracy rate of over 95% for particulate matter concentration levels, which is crucial for ensuring safe working conditions within the mines. This study demonstrates that the integration of sensors and IoT systems can significantly enhance environmental monitoring capabilities in mining operations, providing actionable insights to mitigate adverse impacts. Further research should focus on integrating predictive analytics into the system to anticipate potential issues before they occur, thereby optimising resource allocation and operational planning. The maintenance outcome was modelled as $Y_{it}=\beta_0+\beta_1X_{it}+u_i+\varepsilon_{it}$, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.