São Tomé and Príncipe is a small island nation in West Africa with a rich history of governance shaped by colonial influences and subsequent post-independence developments. The study employs a qualitative analysis of archival documents and secondary sources to trace the evolution of governance structures from independence until present day. Key themes emerge including the impact of Portuguese colonial legacy on political institutions, the role of external aid in shaping policy decisions, and the persistence of traditional power dynamics within the government. A notable finding is the significant influence of historical contexts on current governmental inefficiencies. The historical roots identified provide a framework for understanding contemporary governance challenges in São Tomé and Príncipe. Future research should focus on developing adaptive strategies to mitigate the effects of historical legacies, such as fostering inclusive political processes that account for diverse societal influences.