Water Scarcity Mitigation Strategies in the Nile Basin of Tunisia: A Comprehensive Review

Water scarcity is a critical issue in the Nile Basin of Tunisia, affecting agricultural productivity and exacerbating socio-economic challenges. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as Web of Science and Google Scholar, focusing on peer-reviewed articles from the past decade. The review identified a significant proportion (over 70%) of conflicts arising from disputes over water allocation between upstream and downstream regions. Current strategies often focus on technological solutions rather than addressing underlying governance issues, leading to inequitable resource distribution. Stakeholders should prioritise collaborative governance models that involve all affected parties in decision-making processes.