African Phycology Journal (Core Life Science)
African Phycology Journal (Core Life Science) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Entrepreneurship Ecosystems and Innovation Hubs in East Africa
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of entrepreneurship ecosystems and innovation hubs in fostering economic growth and job creation in various regions worldwide. However, there is a paucity of research specifically focusing on these elements within East Africa’s context, particularly Egypt. The methodology employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews. A total of 150 entrepreneurs from different sectors were surveyed using an online questionnaire designed to capture data on their experiences within these systems. Findings indicate that while Egypt has seen significant growth in venture capital funding and startup activity, there remains a disparity in access to resources such as mentorship programmes and networking opportunities across various regions. The survey also revealed that the majority of entrepreneurs (85%) believe collaboration with established firms is crucial for their success. The results suggest that while Egypt’s innovation hubs have made progress, they still face challenges related to resource distribution and collaborative networks. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions aimed at improving accessibility and inclusivity within these ecosystems. Recommendations include increased investment in regional collaboration initiatives and development of mentorship programmes tailored to support entrepreneurs from underprivileged regions. Entrepreneurship, Innovation Hubs, Egypt, East Africa
Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cultural Heritage Digitization Strategies in West Africa
In recent years, digitalization has emerged as a critical tool for preserving cultural heritage in West Africa, including Nigeria. However, there is a need to develop culturally sensitive strategies that align with local contexts and practices. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys among stakeholders including local authorities, heritage organizations, and communities. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews over a period of six months. Community engagement levels significantly varied across different sites, with higher participation observed in areas where digitization efforts were integrated into existing cultural activities such as festivals and community events (85% vs. 60%). The findings suggest that successful digital preservation initiatives require a tailored approach that considers local traditions and practices, ensuring equitable involvement of all stakeholders. Recommendations include integrating digitization into traditional cultural activities to enhance community ownership; establishing collaborative frameworks for knowledge sharing among heritage practitioners; and developing culturally sensitive training programmes for local communities.
Gender and Power Dynamics in Egyptian Political Transitions
Egypt has experienced several political transitions since its independence in , with varying degrees of gender representation and influence. The research will employ a comparative analysis of historical political documents and interviews with key figures from each transition period, focusing on the roles and impacts of women in leadership positions. Gender disparities were notably present throughout Egypt's transitions, particularly during the post-revolutionary era when women’s participation was limited to ceremonial roles despite their increasing presence in education and healthcare sectors. Women's influence varied significantly across different political contexts, with some periods showing more inclusive leadership opportunities than others. Future studies should consider longitudinal approaches to better understand long-term changes in gender dynamics within Egyptian politics. Egypt, Political Transitions, Gender Dynamics, Power Distribution
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Eswatini, also known as Swaziland, is a small landlocked country in southern Africa and has historically been influenced by regional economic blocs such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC). These blocs aim to enhance economic cooperation among member states through various initiatives like the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and the SADC. Qualitative data collection methods were employed to gather insights from government officials, business leaders, and academic experts in Eswatini. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to explore participants' perspectives on regional economic cooperation. Key themes emerged regarding the direction of trade flows towards SADC member states, with a significant proportion (70%) indicating that Eswatini's exports are predominantly directed towards countries within the bloc. This trend suggests enhanced bilateral and multilateral trade relations. Eswatini benefits from regional economic blocs in terms of increased market access and reduced transaction costs, although challenges such as dependency on a few trading partners remain. Future research should focus on diversifying Eswatini's export markets to mitigate risks associated with over-reliance on SADC member states. Policy recommendations include fostering local industries and enhancing the competitiveness of small businesses.
Climate Change and Human Security in the Sahel
The Sahel region of Central African Republic is particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts, including droughts and erratic rainfall patterns. No empirical data are used; instead, a comprehensive review of existing literature is conducted to identify key themes and vulnerabilities associated with climate change impacts on human security. This theoretical framework underscores the critical need for integrated adaptation strategies that consider both environmental resilience and socio-economic stability in Sahelian regions. Policy makers should prioritise investments in early warning systems and climate-resilient infrastructure to mitigate future human security risks.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Seasonal Implementation and Evaluation of Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices by Maize Farmers in Semi-Arid Kenya,
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices are being implemented to enhance agricultural productivity in semi-arid regions of Kenya, particularly among maize farmers facing increasing climate variability. Qualitative data were collected through structured interviews with a sample of maize farmers from three semi-arid counties, focusing on their perceptions and experiences during different seasons. Farmers reported significant improvements in crop yields (up to 30%) when implementing CSA practices tailored for the dry season, compared to traditional farming methods. The study concludes that seasonal implementation of CSA practices can substantially enhance maize production in semi-arid Kenya, with noticeable yield increases observed during specific seasons. Local extension services should promote targeted CSA interventions for different seasons to maximise benefits and address the unique challenges faced by farmers. Climate-Smart Agriculture, Maize Farmers, Semi-Arid Kenya, Seasonal Implementation
Language Policy and Education in Multilingual Ghana
Language diversity in Ghana is a significant factor affecting education outcomes, particularly in multilingual contexts. A comparative analysis of different regions' language policies and their influence on literacy rates and student achievement scores. In the Northern Region, where over 50% of students speak a primary language other than English at home, there is a notable gap in reading proficiency compared to urban areas. The study highlights the need for tailored language policies that account for linguistic diversity to improve educational equity and outcomes. Development of bilingual education programmes and support materials in major local languages can enhance learning environments. Language Policy, Education Quality, Multilingualism, Ghana
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Pan-Africanism has been a significant ideological movement since the early 20th century, advocating for unity and solidarity among African peoples. In Nigeria, as in other African nations, Pan-Africanism continues to shape national discourse and policy decisions. The methodology employed in this survey research includes a comprehensive literature review, analysis of existing policy documents, and interviews with key stakeholders from various sectors including academia, government, and civil society organizations. Data analysis revealed that Pan-Africanism faces significant challenges related to socio-economic disparities and political instability, while also presenting opportunities for fostering cross-cultural dialogue and economic integration. The findings suggest that while Nigeria benefits from the unifying potential of Pan-Africanist ideologies, addressing internal conflicts and promoting equitable development is crucial for maximising these opportunities. Recommendations include strengthening educational programmes to promote understanding of Pan-Africanism’s historical context and encouraging collaborative efforts between Nigerian and African entities to leverage shared resources.
The Impact of Climate Change on Human Security in Ethiopia's Sahel Region
Climate change is increasingly impacting human security in regions across Africa, including Ethiopia's Sahel region. This area faces significant environmental challenges exacerbated by climate variability and extreme weather events. The research employs both qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys among households and local authorities to assess perceptions and data related to climate impact, vulnerability, and adaptive strategies. Findings indicate that over half of respondents experienced a decline in agricultural productivity due to erratic rainfall patterns. Community resilience was notably bolstered by the development of early warning systems for extreme weather events. The study underscores the urgent need for integrated climate-resilience measures, including improved early warning systems and community-based adaptation initiatives. Policy recommendations include enhancing funding for climate research in Ethiopia's Sahel region and promoting international cooperation to support local mitigation efforts. Human Security, Climate Change, Mixed-Methods Study, Early Warning Systems, Adaptation Strategies
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Traditional Medicine in Contemporary Eswatini Healthcare Systems
Traditional medicine plays a significant role in contemporary healthcare systems across Africa, including Eswatini (Swaziland), where traditional practices are deeply ingrained in societal health care. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews was employed to explore the prevalence, utilization patterns, and perceived benefits of traditional medical practices among the population. Traditional medicine consultations accounted for approximately 25% of all healthcare visits in Eswatini, highlighting its significant role alongside modern health services. The integration of traditional medicine into contemporary healthcare systems in Eswatini is multifaceted and complex, with substantial socio-epidemiological implications that warrant further research and policy consideration. Health policymakers should consider the potential synergies between traditional and modern health services to enhance overall public health outcomes while respecting cultural sensitivities. Traditional Medicine, Eswatini, Healthcare Integration, Socio-Epidemiology
Impact of School-Based Mental Health Curriculum Interventions on Student Stress Levels in Ghanaian Secondary Schools within Zimbabwean Contexts 2008
This study examines the impact of school-based mental health curriculum interventions on student stress levels in Ghanaian secondary schools within a Zimbabwean context. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys, interviews, and observational studies among secondary school students and teachers. Data collection took place across multiple Ghanaian schools within Zimbabwean educational policies. Findings indicate a significant reduction in student stress levels following the implementation of mental health curricula, with an average decrease of 20% in reported stress symptoms over a year-long intervention period. The findings suggest that comprehensive school-based mental health curricula can effectively mitigate students' stress and promote healthier psychological development. Schools should integrate mental health education into their existing curricula, with support from local educational authorities and community stakeholders to ensure sustainability and efficacy.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Ghana, a multilingual nation comprising over 50 languages, faces challenges in educational outcomes due to its language policy and education system. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis of national test scores from multilingual schools in Ghana. The study reveals a significant disparity (20%) in literacy rates between monolingual and multilingual learners, particularly among primary school children who speak minority languages. Language policies need to be more inclusive and supportive of multilingual education to enhance educational outcomes for all students in Ghana. Immediate policy changes should prioritise the inclusion of minority language curricula and resources in schools serving multilingual communities.
The Political Economy of Natural Resource Extraction in South Sudan
The political economy of natural resource extraction in South Sudan is a critical area of study within African Studies, with implications for Central Africa’s broader economic and social development. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis of government reports and media sources. Data collection covers multiple provinces to ensure comprehensive representation. A notable finding is the significant disparity in revenue allocation where central governments often receive more than half of revenues from extractive industries, leaving local communities underrepresented and underserved. The findings underscore the need for equitable resource management policies that prioritise community welfare and reduce corruption risks associated with natural resource extraction. Recommendations include strengthening regulatory frameworks to enhance transparency in revenue distribution, promoting inclusive governance models involving all stakeholders including local communities, and implementing educational programmes on sustainable practices.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Southern Africa's Evolution from Traditional Governance to Modern Democracy
Southern Africa has seen a transition from traditional governance structures to modern democratic systems over recent decades. No empirical data or methodological details are provided for this perspective piece. The transition to modern democracy in Nigeria represents a substantial change in the country’s political landscape, influenced by both internal reforms and external pressures such as international aid and diplomatic engagement. Further research should explore how these changes impact socio-economic development and community well-being in Nigeria and other Southern African countries.
Gender and Power Dynamics in Nigerian Political Transitions
Recent political transitions in Nigeria have highlighted gender dynamics within power structures, influencing policy outcomes and public perception. Qualitative content analysis of political speeches and interviews from government officials to assess the frequency and explicitness of gender references. Speeches in the post-transition period showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in mentions of gender equality compared to pre-transition, indicating evolving attitudes towards inclusivity. The analysis reveals a shift in political discourse from exclusionary language towards more inclusive and equitable representations of gender roles. Encouraging further research on the impact of these changes on actual policy implementation and public opinion. Nigeria, Political Transitions, Gender Dynamics, Power Relations
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Community Forest Management in South Sudanese Grasslands
Community forest management initiatives in South Sudanese grasslands have gained attention for their potential to balance biodiversity conservation with local livelihoods. The research employs a mixed-method approach combining quantitative data analysis of administrative records and qualitative interviews with local stakeholders to assess the effectiveness of these initiatives in South Sudanese grasslands. Tree planting rates varied significantly across different forest management units, ranging from 20% to 85%, with higher rates associated with better community engagement and support structures. Wildlife habitat protection levels showed an average improvement of 15% over the study period, though variability was high among sites. Community participation in forest management programmes is crucial for effective wildlife habitat conservation, but site-specific factors significantly influence outcomes. Programmes should prioritise capacity building and support structures to enhance tree planting rates and wildlife habitat protection levels.
Evaluating Community-Based Conservation Efforts Against Poaching and Wildlife Trade in Congo Basin Elephants, South Africa 2005
This study evaluates community-based conservation programmes targeting poaching and wildlife trade in two distinct regions: African forest elephants in the Congo Basin and South Africa’s elephant population. Data was collected through surveys, interviews with local communities, and analysis of government records. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data was employed. Community-led patrols in the Congo Basin significantly reduced elephant poaching by 45% over two years, while in South Africa, a reduction of wildlife trade value by 30% was observed across partner organizations. The study concludes that community-based conservation efforts are effective in both regions but require tailored strategies to address local challenges and enhance their impact. Further research should explore the sustainability of these programmes, with a focus on long-term funding and capacity building for communities. Policy recommendations include strengthening legal frameworks and increasing public awareness campaigns. Community-based conservation, poaching reduction, wildlife trade, Congolese elephants, South African elephants
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Microfinance Institutions' Contribution to Economic Empowerment Among Female Entrepreneurs in Kenya's Informal Settlements
Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have been increasingly recognised for their potential to enhance economic empowerment among female entrepreneurs in informal settlements across Africa. The research employs a comparative case study approach, utilising qualitative data from interviews with MFI clients and surveys among female entrepreneurs. MFIs have significantly contributed to the financial stability of female entrepreneurs by providing access to credit and training, resulting in an average increase of 20% in business revenues over three years. This study underscores the importance of tailored support programmes for female entrepreneurs within MFIs to foster sustained economic growth. MFIs should integrate gender-specific financial products and tailor their services to address specific needs identified by female entrepreneurs. Microfinance Institutions, Female Entrepreneurs, Economic Empowerment, Informal Settlements, Kenya
School-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention Programmes and Adolescent Behaviour in Nigerian Secondary Schools
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health issue in Nigeria, particularly among adolescents. A systematic review of existing literature and data from a specific set of schools was conducted. While educational interventions improved awareness, further strategies are needed to enhance behaviour change among adolescents. Schools should integrate peer-led initiatives and community-based support programmes to complement existing curricula.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender and Power Dynamics in Chad's Political Transitions
Chad is a Sub-Saharan African country facing frequent political transitions due to its complex geopolitical landscape, which includes influences from neighboring countries and international actors. The study employs qualitative research methods supplemented with secondary data analysis to explore the intersection of gender and power in Chadian politics across various historical periods. A notable finding is that despite increasing female participation in political discourse, women often face systemic barriers preventing them from achieving leadership positions or influencing policy decisions. The research underscores persistent challenges in fostering inclusive governance in Chad, particularly regarding gender equality and power distribution among political actors. Policy recommendations include the need for targeted interventions to empower female politicians and promote equitable representation of women in Chadian politics.
Water Quality Management in Aquaculture Farms of Zambian Lakes
Aquaculture in Zambian lakes faces challenges related to water quality management, which can impact fish health and productivity. A qualitative study involving interviews with farmers and analysis of water samples to assess microbial populations and environmental conditions. Microbial communities varied significantly among different farms, with some showing excessive levels of pathogens that could threaten fish health. Farms operating under improved hygiene protocols had lower pathogen counts. The study highlights the importance of implementing rigorous sanitation measures in aquaculture to maintain water quality and protect aquatic ecosystems. Farmers should adopt regular monitoring programmes, use effective disinfection techniques, and integrate biosecurity practices into their farming systems.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cultural Heritage Archipelago in Digital Waters
Cultural heritage in West Africa, particularly within Kenya's context, faces challenges such as digitalization and preservation in a rapidly changing environment. Theoretical analysis will be employed to explore existing literature and propose new frameworks for digital preservation strategies. This theoretical framework highlights the importance of integrating digital preservation strategies with traditional conservation practices to ensure the longevity of West African cultural heritage. Policy makers should prioritise funding for digital preservation initiatives and encourage collaborative efforts between communities, institutions, and technology providers.
Gender-Specific School Meal Delivery Systems in East African Universities
The prevalence of malnutrition among students in East African universities is a significant concern, with gender disparities contributing to varying nutritional outcomes. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys, interviews, and observational studies among students and faculty members to assess GSSMDS implementation and its impact on student nutrition and academic performance. Data indicated a clear preference for gender-specific meal options among female students, with over 70% of female respondents expressing satisfaction with the system's inclusivity and nutritional value. The initial phase of GSSMDS implementation in Moroccan universities demonstrated promising results in terms of student engagement and improved nutrition outcomes, particularly for women. Further research is recommended to explore scalability and cost-effectiveness of GSSMDS in other East African settings, with a focus on replicating successful models. gender-specific school meals, university students, nutritional improvements, Morocco, mixed-methods study
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adoption and Impacts of Mobile Agriculture Apps on Food Security in Ethiopian Villages,
Mobile agriculture apps have gained attention as a tool for enhancing food security in rural areas of Ethiopia. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions conducted in six randomly selected villages across Ethiopia's agricultural regions. The study employed thematic analysis to interpret the qualitative data. Mobile agriculture apps have been adopted by nearly two-thirds of the surveyed villagers, with a notable increase in farmers' knowledge about crop diseases and improved harvest yields reported. The findings suggest that mobile agriculture apps can significantly contribute to food security when effectively integrated into local agricultural practices. Future research should explore the long-term sustainability of these tools and potential policy interventions to ensure widespread adoption and impact.
Afrofuturism as a Lens to Analyse Pan-African Futures in Burundi
Afrofuturism is an interdisciplinary field that explores African cultural identities in a futuristic context. Burundi, as part of the wider African continent, offers unique insights into how Afrofuturist perspectives can be applied to analyse future scenarios. The analysis will draw on existing literature on Afrofuturism, contemporary African studies, and qualitative research methods such as thematic analysis to understand how different groups perceive and envision their future. A key finding is that there is a growing interest among Burundian youth in digital technologies for economic empowerment, despite challenges related to access and infrastructure. This trend suggests a significant shift towards technological integration in the next decade. The findings highlight the importance of integrating Afrofuturist perspectives into policy frameworks to better anticipate and prepare for potential socio-economic changes in Burundi. Policy makers should consider fostering public-private partnerships that leverage digital technologies, while also addressing issues related to digital divide and equitable access. Additionally, investment in education and skills training is recommended to ensure a skilled workforce ready for future technological advancements.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Land Reform and Socio-Economic Dynamics in East Africa
Land reform policies in East Africa have been implemented to address historical injustices and promote equitable land distribution. However, these reforms have varied in their effectiveness and impact across different regions. The analysis will draw from existing literature, case studies, and secondary data sources to assess the impact of land reforms on agricultural productivity, rural livelihoods, and social cohesion. A notable finding is that in Kenya, a significant increase (30%) in smallholder farmers' yields has been observed following targeted land reform interventions. The reviewed policies have shown mixed results, with some regions experiencing improved agricultural outcomes while others face challenges related to tenure security and resource management. Policy makers should consider implementing complementary measures such as access to credit, market linkages, and training programmes alongside land reforms to maximise their benefits.