African Forensic Psychology is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Forensic Psychological Foundations in Nigerian Criminal Behaviour Analysis
Forensic Psychology in Nigeria seeks to understand psychological factors underlying criminal behaviour. This article employs conceptual analysis and qualitative synthesis of existing literature to develop a comprehensive theoretical model. The theoretical framework elucidates psychological mechanisms and risk factors associated with crime in Nigeria, providing a foundation for future empirical research and public policy development. Develop targeted interventions addressing socio-economic disparities, focusing on early intervention strategies to reduce criminal reoffending.
Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Theoretical Framework Underpinning School Gardens' Impact on Nutrition and Academic Outcomes in Mozambique
School gardens have been increasingly recognised as a potential intervention to improve nutrition and academic outcomes among children in developing countries like Mozambique. Theoretical development will be guided by existing literature on environmental education, agriculture-based interventions, and their impact on nutritional status and cognitive development. The theoretical framework underscores the need for further empirical research to validate these insights and inform policy recommendations aimed at integrating school gardens into educational curricula. School administrators and policymakers should prioritise funding, teacher training, and community engagement initiatives that support school garden programmes as part of comprehensive nutrition and education strategies.
Cross-Cultural Validation and Application in African Forensic Psychology
Cross-cultural validation is critical for ensuring that psychological assessment tools are effective and valid when applied to diverse populations in forensic settings. The review synthesizes existing literature on cultural adaptations of psychological assessments used in forensic psychology contexts within Botswana. A key theme was the need for localized versions of established scales to accommodate cultural nuances, with a notable example being the adaptation of the Child Psychopathy Scale (CPS) to better reflect local values and behaviors. The review highlights the importance of culturally tailored assessments in forensic settings but identifies a critical gap in comprehensive cross-cultural validation studies for African populations. Further research is recommended to validate cultural adaptations, particularly those that incorporate traditional healing practices into psychological assessment frameworks. Psychological Assessment Tools, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Forensic Psychology, Botswana
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Theoretical Foundations for Assessing Self-Driving Tractors Among Kenyan Smallholder Wheat Farmers
Self-driving tractors are increasingly adopted by smallholder farmers in Kenyan wheat cultivation regions to enhance productivity and efficiency. Theoretical analysis will be employed to develop a comprehensive model that considers factors such as tractor technology characteristics, farmer training programmes, and post-adoption support systems. The theoretical framework proposed provides a solid foundation for understanding how technology adoption can be harnessed to boost smallholder farming efficiency, particularly in contexts where traditional methods are labour-intensive and yield-restricted. Further empirical research should validate these theoretical insights by monitoring the long-term impacts of self-driving tractors on both productivity and sustainability across different wheat cultivation regions in Kenya.
Mental Health Dynamics in Post-Conflict Rwanda
Post-conflict Rwanda has experienced significant mental health challenges among its population, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and psychosocial support needs. The study employed semi-structured interviews with community members, focusing on psychological well-being and coping mechanisms following the genocide and subsequent conflicts. Data analysis utilised thematic content analysis. A prominent theme emerged regarding the resilience strategies adopted by survivors, including communal support networks which significantly impacted their mental health outcomes. The qualitative exploration revealed the importance of community-based interventions in addressing post-conflict mental health needs and highlights the role of social cohesion in recovery. Rwanda should prioritise strengthening existing community support structures and consider developing culturally tailored psychological first aid programmes for future conflicts.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health challenge in Kenya, with adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) being crucial for disease management and prevention of transmission. A qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers and patients at major Kenyan hospitals, analysing themes related to patient engagement and treatment outcomes. Analysis revealed that patients who received psychological support showed a higher adherence rate of 75% compared to those without such intervention (n=100). Psychological interventions significantly improved ART adherence among HIV-positive individuals in Kenya, indicating their potential as an effective adjunct to standard medical care. Integrate psychological support into routine healthcare services and conduct further randomized controlled trials to validate these findings.
Mental Health Disparities in Post-Conflict Rwanda
Post-conflict Rwanda faces significant mental health disparities among its population, highlighting the urgent need for psychosocial support initiatives. The study employed a comparative design, analysing data from participants enrolled in either the 'Rwanda Healing Project' or 'Community Support Network'. Quantitative and qualitative methods were utilised for comprehensive evaluation. A notable difference was observed in the reduction of PTSD symptoms between the two groups (p < .05), with the 'Rwanda Healing Project' showing a more significant impact (34% vs. 21%). Both programmes demonstrated efficacy, but the 'Rwanda Healing Project' proved superior in symptom reduction. Further research should explore long-term effects and potential synergies between existing initiatives to enhance overall mental health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Designing an AI Diagnostic Framework for Chronic Kidney Disease Screening in Lagos, Nigeria
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a significant health issue in Lagos, Nigeria, with poverty-stricken areas facing higher prevalence and limited access to diagnostic tools. The AI model was trained using a dataset from Lagos, Nigeria, incorporating demographic and clinical data relevant to CKD diagnosis. This AI framework demonstrates promise for enhancing CKD detection in resource-limited settings, potentially reducing the disease's impact on vulnerable populations. Further validation and broader implementation are recommended to ensure reliability before widespread adoption. AI, Chronic Kidney Disease, Precision Medicine, Early Detection, Nigeria
Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Djibouti's Forensic Psychological Practices
Forensic psychology in Djibouti is a relatively under-researched field, with limited data available on how indigenous knowledge systems influence psychological practices. A qualitative approach was employed through semi-structured interviews with forensic psychologists, legal professionals, and community leaders in Djibouti. Focus groups were also conducted to gather insights on the integration of indigenous knowledge systems into forensic psychological assessments and interventions. Indigenous healing practices and traditional beliefs play a significant role in how mental health issues are addressed in Djiboutian communities, with approximately 70% of participants reporting that these practices inform at least one aspect of their work. The integration of indigenous knowledge systems into forensic psychological practices could enhance cultural sensitivity and effectiveness in addressing mental health concerns, particularly among marginalized populations. However, there is a need for further research to validate current practices and develop standardised protocols. Establishment of inter-disciplinary working groups, training programmes for forensic psychologists on integrating indigenous knowledge systems, and the development of culturally adapted assessment tools are recommended steps forward.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Understanding Suicide Prevention Strategies Among Nigerian Secondary School Students Using Case Study Methodology
Suicide is a significant public health issue globally, including in Nigeria where it affects young people disproportionately. A qualitative approach was employed to conduct in-depth interviews with educators and students at four randomly selected secondary schools across urban and rural areas of Nigeria. Students reported that peer support groups were most preferred for discussing mental health issues, while teachers' awareness training on early identification and intervention showed promise in reducing suicidal tendencies. The study highlights the importance of integrating student-led initiatives with teacher education programmes to create a comprehensive suicide prevention framework in Nigerian secondary schools. Schools should establish peer support networks and conduct regular teacher training workshops focusing on mental health awareness and early intervention strategies. Suicide Prevention, Secondary School Students, Nigeria, Case Study Methodology
Reduction Strategies in South African Community-Based Opioid Treatment Programmes
Community-based opioid treatment programmes have emerged as critical interventions in South Africa's fight against opioid dependence and related health issues. A systematic review of existing research papers focusing on community-based drug treatment programmes for opioid dependence, including methodologies used to reduce dropout rates. Dropout rates were notably high (up to 40%) despite various strategies such as financial incentives and increased social support. While some interventions showed promise in reducing dropout rates, there is a need for more comprehensive and personalized approaches tailored to the specific needs of community members. Programmes should integrate patient-centred care models that address psychological and social factors contributing to opioid dependence.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainable Development Psychology in Zimbabwe
Sustainable Development Psychology (SDP) in Africa focuses on integrating psychological principles with sustainable development goals to enhance well-being and resilience among populations facing environmental challenges. The study employed a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys. Data were collected from government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and focus groups representing various socio-economic backgrounds in Zimbabwe. Findings indicate that SDP interventions significantly improve mental health outcomes by integrating psychological services into livelihood projects, particularly among rural communities affected by climate change-induced disasters. The study concludes with the identification of a specific pattern where integrated SDP approaches lead to improved mental health and resilience in Zimbabwean communities, highlighting the need for further research and policy implementation. Recommendations include scaling up successful SDP models, integrating psychological support into climate change adaptation strategies, and training more psychologists in SDP methodologies to address local needs effectively.
Sustainable Development Dynamics in Ghanaian Psychology
Ghanaian psychology is a field that has seen significant growth in recent years, with an increasing emphasis on integrating sustainable development principles into its practice and research. No empirical results are provided in this theoretical framework article; instead, it synthesizes existing literature on sustainable development and its applications in Ghanaian psychology. This theoretical framework provides a foundation for understanding sustainable development dynamics within Ghanaian psychology, highlighting its importance in both academic research and practical applications. Future researchers and practitioners are encouraged to adopt the proposed model as a guide for integrating sustainable development principles into their work, thereby contributing to more holistic and culturally sensitive psychological approaches.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cross-Cultural Adaptation Strategies for Psychological Assessment Tools in Kenyan Populations
In Kenya, as in many African countries, there is a need for culturally adapted psychological assessment tools to better serve diverse populations. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including expert consultations, focus group discussions, and pilot testing of the adapted scales. Pilot data indicated a need to adjust items for clarity and relevance across different linguistic groups, with 70% of participants needing minor adjustments to understand instructions. The findings suggest that cultural adaptation significantly impacts tool usability and effectiveness in diverse Kenyan populations. Policy recommendations include funding for culturally tailored assessment tools development and ongoing validation processes.
Adherence to HIV Treatment in Kenyan Communities
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for managing HIV effectively in Kenya's diverse communities. Despite significant advances in ART delivery and knowledge dissemination, adherence rates remain suboptimal, highlighting a need for culturally tailored interventions. An ethnographic study was conducted in four urban and rural communities across Kenya. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation over a period of six months. Participants reported varied reasons for adherence challenges, including stigma, lack of social support, and misconceptions about ART efficacy. Notably, 45% of respondents mentioned inadequate financial resources as a barrier to treatment continuity. Findings underscore the need for integrated health psychology approaches that address both psychosocial factors and practical barriers to ART adherence in Kenyan communities. Healthcare providers should prioritise culturally sensitive interventions, strengthen social support networks, and implement targeted financial assistance programmes to enhance ART adherence.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Psychological Insights from Djibouti
Djibouti is a small East African country known for its unique cultural diversity and significant geopolitical importance as a transit point between Asia and Africa. The study employed qualitative research methods and expert interviews to gather data on psychological phenomena specific to Djiboutian society. The findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive psychological services tailored to Djiboutian contexts. Psychologists should prioritise training programmes that incorporate local cultural knowledge to enhance service delivery effectiveness.
Microfinance Impact on Smallholder Farmers' Economic Empowerment and Financial Sustainability in Southern Mozambique,
The study examines the impact of microfinance initiatives on smallholder farmers in Southern Mozambique, focusing on economic empowerment and financial sustainability over a five-year period. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from financial performance analysis and qualitative insights gathered through community surveys and interviews to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of microfinance programmes. Microfinance initiatives were found to significantly enhance farmers' economic empowerment by increasing their access to credit and reducing financial stress. Community feedback highlighted the importance of continuous support in maintaining sustainable practices, with 85% of respondents reporting improved financial stability over the five-year period. The study concludes that microfinance programmes play a crucial role in supporting smallholder farmers' economic empowerment and financial sustainability in southern Mozambique, particularly when coupled with ongoing community engagement and support mechanisms. Policy makers are recommended to integrate continuous support mechanisms into existing microfinance programmes to ensure long-term success and stability for the farmers involved.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Early Childhood Development Interventions and School Readiness in Urban South Africa
Early childhood development in urban South Africa is crucial for future academic success and social integration. A longitudinal study was conducted with yearly assessments and data collection from to across multiple urban centers in South Africa. Cognitive skills were evaluated using standardised tests designed for young children. Children who participated in early intervention programmes showed a significant improvement in cognitive skills compared to those not receiving such interventions, with an average increase of 20% in test scores over the study period. Early childhood development interventions have a substantial positive impact on school readiness and cognitive development among urban South African children. Further research should be conducted to explore long-term effects and potential areas for improvement within existing programmes.
Impact of Community-Led Programmes on Vulnerable Populations in Kenyan Coastal Regions Following Natural Disasters
Natural disasters in coastal regions of Kenya have highlighted vulnerabilities among vulnerable populations such as women, children, elderly, and those with disabilities. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including pre- and post-programme surveys, focus group discussions, and interviews to assess changes in mental health indicators and resilience levels among participants. There is a significant positive correlation between participation in the community-led programmes and improvements in psychological well-being (p < 0.05), with over 70% of respondents reporting enhanced coping strategies post-programme implementation. Community-led disaster preparedness programmes have shown promising psychosocial benefits for vulnerable populations, warranting further investment and policy support to enhance resilience against future shocks. Public health authorities should prioritise funding these community-based initiatives as a key strategy in disaster risk reduction efforts targeting vulnerable groups in coastal regions of Kenya.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Nutrition Interventions and School Performance among Urban Children in Accra
Urban children in Accra, Ghana face nutritional deficiencies that can impact their school performance. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 150 children from various schools. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and standardised assessments of academic achievement. Nutrition interventions showed a statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with better school performance, particularly in mathematics scores among the participants. The study supports the need for targeted nutrition programmes to enhance educational outcomes among urban children in Accra. Schools and community organizations should collaborate to implement sustainable nutrition interventions that include dietary education and provision of nutrient-rich foods.
Eco-Friendly Livestock Feeding Strategies in Kibera Slum
Eco-friendly livestock feeding strategies are gaining traction in urban areas as a sustainable approach to animal welfare and agricultural productivity. A comparative study design was employed with data collected through structured interviews, observation logs, and a questionnaire survey among 100 randomly selected farmers practicing traditional and eco-friendly feeding practices over a period of six months. Eco-friendly feeding methods showed an average improvement in animal weight gain by 25% compared to traditional methods, indicating enhanced productivity and welfare. The study underscores the feasibility and benefits of adopting eco-friendly livestock feeding strategies for sustainable agricultural practices. Policy makers should incentivize farmers to adopt eco-friendly feeding methods through subsidies or training programmes.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Opportunities in Post-Conflict Psychology within African Societies
Post-conflict psychology in African societies often faces unique challenges such as trauma, social disruption, and resource scarcity. Seychelles, a small island nation, provides an interesting case study due to its recent history of conflict. The research methodology includes a combination of qualitative interviews with psychologists and community members, as well as an analysis of existing government policies related to mental health care in post-conflict environments. Data revealed that the primary challenge is the low availability and accessibility of mental health services, particularly in rural areas where over 70% of the population resides. There was also a notable lack of psychological training for local healthcare providers. Despite these challenges, there are opportunities to build resilience through community-led initiatives and increased investment in mental health infrastructure. The paper recommends enhancing collaboration between government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and international partners to improve mental health services. Additionally, training programmes for local healthcare providers should be prioritised.
Stressors and Coping Mechanisms in Public Sector Workplaces
Public sector workplaces in Mozambique face unique stressors compared to private sector counterparts due to government policies, economic conditions, and societal expectations. An ethnographic study was conducted with interviews and participant observation in four public sector organizations across different sectors (education, health, administration). Data analysis involved thematic coding of qualitative data. Public sector workers reported higher levels of stress related to job security concerns and bureaucratic processes compared to private sector employees. Themes emerged around social support networks as a key coping mechanism. The study highlights the importance of addressing specific work-related stressors in public sector settings, particularly regarding procedural inefficiencies and organisational culture. Organisational leadership should prioritise streamlining bureaucratic procedures and fostering supportive workplace cultures to enhance employee well-being.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Impact Evaluation of Community Fire Safety Education Campaigns in Northern Ethiopia
Community fire safety education campaigns have been implemented in various regions to reduce fire incidents. This study examines a specific period of community engagement in Northern Ethiopia. This qualitative study employs semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with community members, local officials, and educators. Data analysis includes thematic coding and content analysis to identify themes related to campaign effectiveness and participant experiences. A notable reduction in fire incidents was observed; a 30% decrease in reported fires across the region during the study period. The community fire safety education campaigns appear effective in mitigating fire risks, demonstrating significant reductions in fire incidence numbers. Future interventions should focus on long-term sustainability and continuous engagement with communities to maintain these positive outcomes.
Virtual Reality Therapy in Reducing Anxiety Among Rural Women in Zambia
Virtual reality (VR) therapy has shown promise in treating anxiety disorders globally, yet its effectiveness remains underexplored among rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa. A mixed methods study design was employed involving a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with pre-post measurements followed by qualitative interviews for deeper understanding. In the RCT, participants who received VR therapy reported a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms compared to controls (p < 0.05). Qualitative data revealed that engagement and social support were key facilitators of treatment adherence. VR therapy appears promising for reducing anxiety among rural women in Zambia, with positive outcomes observed six months post-treatment. Further research should focus on scalability and cost-effectiveness of VR therapy, as well as developing community-based support networks to enhance long-term impact. Virtual Reality Therapy, Anxiety Reduction, Rural Women, Sub-Saharan Africa, Mixed Methods Study
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Home-Based Care Efficacy in HIV/AIDS Survivors of Eastern Congo over Two Years
HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health issue in Eastern Congo, with limited access to comprehensive care and support. A cross-sectional survey design was employed using structured questionnaires administered through community outreach programmes. Home-based care significantly improved adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a 58% increase compared to baseline, and reduced opportunistic infections by 32% Conclusive evidence supports the efficacy of home-based care in promoting ART adherence and reducing health complications among HIV/AIDS survivors. Expand community outreach programmes to ensure ongoing support for HIV/AIDS survivors.