Water Quality Monitoring and Community Health Awareness Campaigns' Longitudinal Impact on Diarrheal Diseases Among Children in Lagos, Nigeria: A Systematic Literature Review

Water quality in Lagos, Nigeria, is often contaminated by various pollutants, leading to an increased risk of diarrheal diseases among children under five years old. A systematic literature review was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed and Scopus, to identify relevant studies published between and . Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria related to water quality monitoring, community health awareness campaigns, and their impact on diarrheal diseases among children under five in Lagos. The review identified a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of 45% in the incidence rate of diarrheal diseases in communities where both water quality monitoring and awareness campaigns were implemented over a period of two years. Water quality monitoring and community health awareness campaigns have demonstrated a statistically significant positive impact on reducing diarrheal diseases among children under five in Lagos, Nigeria. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the long-term sustainability of these interventions and explore potential areas for improvement. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.