Assessment of Community-Led Total Sanitation Initiatives on Toilet Construction Among Teenagers in Rural Mozambique: A Year Post-Implementation Behaviour Change Evaluation

Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) initiatives have been implemented globally to promote improved toilet construction practices. In rural Mozambique, these programmes are designed to address hygiene and environmental issues among teenagers. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they reported outcomes related to teenage engagement with CLTS initiatives within the last decade in Mozambique. Data analysis revealed a significant increase in teenager participation from 40% pre-initiative to 65% post-implementation, indicating sustained interest despite initial reluctance. CLTS initiatives have successfully fostered behaviour change among teenagers regarding toilet construction, with substantial community involvement observed one year after implementation. Further research should focus on long-term sustainability and potential modifications of the CLTS model to enhance continued participation. Community-led total sanitation, teenage engagement, behaviour change, Mozambique The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.