Natural resource extraction is a significant sector in Senegal's economy, yet its political economy remains underexplored. A mixed-methods study combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to explore public policy and resource distribution effects. Findings indicate a clear preference for local employment over foreign investment among affected communities, suggesting community engagement is crucial for sustainable development. The study highlights the need for inclusive governance frameworks that prioritise local benefits in natural resource management. Governments and stakeholders should enhance collaboration with local communities to ensure equitable resource exploitation outcomes.