Urban areas in Zambia have seen significant challenges in HIV prevention among key populations such as sex workers and men who have sex with men (MSM). Community mobilization programmes have been implemented to address these issues. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from health facility records and qualitative insights through interviews with stakeholders and focus group discussions among key population members. Significant reductions in HIV prevalence were observed among key populations, with a 30% decrease in new infections reported over the five-year period, particularly evident in sex workers who received targeted interventions. Community mobilization programmes have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing HIV transmission rates among key populations in urban Zambia. However, challenges persist related to sustained funding and community engagement. Continued support for community-led initiatives is recommended alongside enhanced collaboration with government agencies and international organizations.