Urban slums in Lagos, Nigeria face significant healthcare challenges due to inadequate infrastructure and resource allocation. An ethnographic study was conducted over two years, involving participant observation, interviews with stakeholders, and document review. Community health workers reported a 30% reduction in patient wait times and an increase in community awareness of healthcare services by 25%. The programmes have shown promise but require additional funding and training to sustain improvements. Investment in infrastructure, staff development, and community engagement strategies are recommended for future success.