Sustainable fisheries management is crucial for maintaining ecosystem health and socioeconomic stability in Lake Victoria fishing communities of Tanzania. A comprehensive review of existing literature on fisheries management, socioeconomics, and ecosystem dynamics in Lake Victoria will be conducted to inform the theoretical model. This theoretical model provides a robust foundation for policy development aimed at balancing ecological preservation with socioeconomic benefits in Lake Victoria fishing communities. Policy makers should prioritise investment in sustainable fisheries practices, community education on environmental stewardship, and collaborative management approaches to ensure long-term sustainability.