The Central African region is renowned for its rich natural resource wealth, including minerals, hydrocarbons, and agricultural products. The exploitation of these resources has significantly influenced political dynamics within the region. No empirical data collection is conducted; instead, a comprehensive literature review synthesises existing theories and case studies to construct a robust theoretical model. This framework underscores the critical need for greater accountability and equitable resource management practices to ensure sustainable development outcomes in central Africa’s resource-rich regions. Policy makers should prioritise anti-corruption measures and community engagement strategies to mitigate negative impacts associated with resource extraction. International stakeholders must also support these efforts through collaborative governance frameworks.