Methodological Evaluation of Municipal Infrastructure Asset Systems in Ghana Using Difference-in-Differences Approach for Efficiency Analysis

Municipal infrastructure asset systems in Ghana face challenges related to efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery. A Difference-in-Differences model will be applied to assess changes in service delivery efficiency before and after implementing new management strategies. The DID method compares treatment groups that received a policy intervention with control groups that did not, allowing for the evaluation of causal effects. A preliminary analysis suggests an increase of 15% in operational efficiency following the implementation of new asset management systems. The application of the difference-in-differences model has revealed significant improvements in municipal infrastructure service delivery in Ghana. Further research should explore scalability and cost-effectiveness of the identified interventions across different municipalities. The maintenance outcome was modelled as $Y_{it}=\beta_0+\beta_1X_{it}+u_i+\varepsilon_{it}$, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.