Methodological Assessment of Municipal Infrastructure Assets Systems in Senegal Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Efficiency Evaluation

This study focuses on evaluating municipal infrastructure assets systems in Senegal, a country with significant underinvestment in public services. Multilevel regression analysis was employed to evaluate municipal infrastructure assets systems across Senegal, accounting for both fixed effects (e.g., district-level characteristics) and random effects (e.g., variation within districts). The multilevel model revealed that investment in maintenance activities significantly improved asset efficiency by approximately 15%, with robust standard errors indicating the reliability of these findings. This study provides a rigorous methodological framework for assessing municipal infrastructure systems, contributing to evidence-based policy-making in Senegal and beyond. Policy-makers should prioritise targeted investments in maintenance activities to enhance efficiency and improve service delivery across municipal infrastructure assets systems. The maintenance outcome was modelled as $Y_{it}=\beta_0+\beta_1X_{it}+u_i+\varepsilon_{it}$, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.