School-based HIV counseling programmes are increasingly implemented in Senegal to address adolescent sexual health issues. However, there is a need for a comprehensive theoretical framework that evaluates their effectiveness. A mixed-methods approach will be employed, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques to analyse behaviour change adoption rates among adolescents. This theoretical framework provides a basis for future empirical studies in evaluating school-based HIV counseling programmes on adolescent sexual health outcomes. Adolescent-focused research should prioritise understanding local cultural contexts, involving relevant stakeholders, and integrating community resources into programme designs to maximise impact.