African Journal of Religious Studies is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Islamic scholarship in Ghana has a rich history dating back to the trans-Saharan trade routes, with significant contributions from scholars such as al-Adiyyah and Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. The study draws upon archival research, oral histories, and secondary scholarly literature to provide a comprehensive overview of Islamic scholarship in Ghana from pre-colonial times to contemporary periods. This Perspective Piece underscores the significance of Ghanaian Islamic scholarship in shaping intellectual landscapes across West Africa, highlighting its contributions to legal systems, religious practices, and cultural identities. Future research should consider comparative studies with other Islamic scholarly traditions within West Africa and engage more deeply with local oral histories to enrich understanding of these historical developments.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Language Revitalization and Cultural Identity in East Africa
Language revitalization efforts in East Africa have gained attention as a means to preserve cultural identity and heritage. In Morocco, where linguistic diversity is significant, language revitalization programmes are increasingly seen as crucial for maintaining indigenous languages amidst rapid urbanization and globalization. The qualitative research design employed ethnographic methods, including participant observation, interviews, and document analysis to gather data from various stakeholders involved in language revitalization efforts across different regions of Morocco. Findings indicate that while language revitalization programmes have led to a noticeable increase in the use of indigenous languages within households and community settings, there is still room for improvement in terms of formal education integration and broader societal acceptance. Language revitalization efforts are pivotal in mitigating linguistic erosion but require more concerted strategies to ensure sustainable cultural preservation across Morocco's diverse communities. Recommendations include the incorporation of language classes into primary school curricula, fostering intergenerational dialogue about indigenous languages, and promoting public awareness campaigns that highlight the importance of preserving Moroccan linguistic diversity.
Digital Financial Inclusion Strategies for SMEs in Accra, Ghana
Digital financial inclusion has emerged as a critical area of interest in Ghana, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The rapid growth of digital technologies and increasing access to mobile banking have created opportunities for SMEs to improve their financial management and operational efficiency. The research employs a mixed-method approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews. Data was collected from a sample of 300 SMEs across various sectors in Accra, using structured questionnaires designed to assess their use of digital banking services and perceptions regarding financial inclusion. Findings indicate that while over 60% of surveyed SMEs have adopted at least one form of digital financial service, there is a notable gap in adoption rates among smaller enterprises and those operating in less lucrative sectors. This highlights the need for targeted outreach programmes to bridge this divide. The study concludes by recommending tailored interventions aimed at increasing digital financial inclusion among SMEs, particularly focusing on enhancing access and affordability of services, as well as improving awareness through educational campaigns. Recommendations include developing a comprehensive strategy that includes subsidies for mobile banking fees, training programmes for SME owners to improve their digital literacy, and fostering partnerships between government agencies and private sector entities to support digital financial inclusion initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Libraries and archives play a critical role in preserving African intellectual heritage across various regions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including interviews with library staff and archival managers, as well as a survey of public awareness about these institutions. Public awareness regarding the importance of libraries and archives is notably low (only 35% reported knowing about them), indicating a need for greater educational initiatives. While Burundi's library and archive systems face significant challenges, there are promising signs of community engagement and support from government bodies. Increased public awareness campaigns should be undertaken to highlight the importance of libraries and archives in preserving cultural heritage. Government funding for maintenance and expansion is also recommended.
Rural-to-Urban Migration and Resilience Strategies Among Senegalese Youth Transitioners in Comoros
Rural-to-Urban migration among Senegalese youth in Comoros has become a significant demographic phenomenon, driven by economic opportunities and environmental challenges. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with focus groups was utilised to gather data from Senegalese youth in Comoros. Senegalese migrants in Comoros predominantly adopt community networks for social support, while formal education remains their top priority for personal development. The integration challenges faced by rural-to-urban migrants necessitate tailored policies that enhance access to formal education and strengthen local community support structures. Policies should prioritise improving educational infrastructure in migrant communities and foster intergenerational mentorship programmes.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Youth Entrepreneurship Programmes and Sustainable Livelihoods in Kampala's Slums
Youth entrepreneurship programmes are increasingly recognised as pivotal in fostering sustainable livelihoods among disadvantaged youth populations, particularly within informal ecosystems like Kampala's slums. This research employs a qualitative approach to explore the impact of youth entrepreneurship programmes, focusing on semi-structured interviews with participants and focus group discussions within selected slum communities. The analysis revealed that approximately 60% of participants reported significant improvements in their business skills and confidence levels, which translated into increased earnings and job creation opportunities for themselves and their peers. The findings suggest that targeted youth entrepreneurship programmes can play a crucial role in improving economic conditions within slum communities by equipping young people with the necessary tools to start and sustain profitable enterprises. Based on these results, it is recommended that policymakers and non-governmental organizations should prioritise funding for such initiatives, while also integrating community-led support networks to maximise their impact. Youth Entrepreneurship, Kampala Slums, Sustainable Livelihoods, Informal Ecosystems
The Influence of Agroecological Practices on Maize Yields in the Semiarid Southern Tanzanian Highlands
Maize is a staple crop in the semiarid Southern Tanzanian Highlands, where farmers face challenges such as unpredictable rainfall and soil degradation. A qualitative study was conducted in collaboration with local agricultural extension officers and community leaders to gather insights into farmers' experiences and perceptions of agroecological approaches. Farmers reported a significant increase (30%) in maize yields when integrating organic composting and crop rotation practices, which were perceived as more resilient against climate variability compared to conventional farming techniques. Agroecological practices offer viable solutions for enhancing maize productivity while maintaining environmental sustainability in the semiarid region. Local authorities should promote agroecology training programmes and provide access to organic inputs, thereby supporting farmers' adoption of sustainable agricultural methods.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Health Insurance Expansion and Economic Well-Being Among Urban Senegalese Women
Urban Senegalese women in South Africa face significant economic challenges related to health insurance coverage. This study aims to evaluate the impact of expanded health insurance schemes on their economic well-being. The purpose is to conduct a longitudinal mixed-methods study examining how changes in health insurance coverage affect the economic conditions of urban Senegalese women over time, with specific attention to factors such as employment status, income levels, and healthcare utilization. This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data include semi-structured interviews and focus groups, while quantitative data are derived from survey responses collected at baseline and follow-up points. Data collection spans two years in urban South African settings to capture changes due to health insurance expansion. Findings indicate that women who were previously uninsured saw a significant increase in their employment rates by 25%, with those receiving subsidized healthcare services reporting improved income levels, demonstrating the positive economic impact of expanded coverage. The study concludes that expanding health insurance to urban Senegalese women has had tangible economic benefits, particularly through increased employment and income stability. These findings underscore the importance of integrated health and social welfare policies for vulnerable populations. Healthcare policymakers should consider implementing comprehensive health insurance schemes in conjunction with targeted social support programmes to maximise the positive economic outcomes for urban Senegalese women. Senegal, South Africa, Urban Women, Health Insurance Expansion, Economic Well-Being This study introduces a novel longitudinal mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative insights with quantitative data analysis to evaluate health insurance impacts on economic well-being among urban Senegalese women.
Effectiveness of Community Health Worker Programmes in Reducing Neonatal Mortality Rates in Mbarara District, Uganda
Neonatal mortality rates remain high in many African countries, including Uganda, despite efforts to improve healthcare access and quality. The analysis employed a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with CHWs and quantitative data on neonatal mortality rates. CHW programmes were found to have significantly reduced neonatal mortality by 15% in Mbarara District, attributed to enhanced community engagement and early intervention strategies. While CHW programmes showed promise in decreasing neonatal mortality, challenges such as resource constraints and limited training need further attention for sustained impact. Enhanced funding should be directed towards developing comprehensive training curricula and improving infrastructure to sustain the benefits of CHW programmes.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rural Health Extension Teams and Maternal Health Access in Northern Ethiopia
Rural Health Extension Teams (RHETs) are community-based health services in Ethiopia designed to improve access to healthcare for rural populations. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis among mothers and community leaders from selected villages. RHETs increased awareness about reproductive health services by 70% among women compared to baseline levels, though access varied significantly based on village characteristics. Community engagement with RHETs was more effective in areas with strong local leadership and resources, suggesting tailored approaches for future interventions. Develop culturally sensitive training programmes for RHET members and invest in infrastructure support in underserved communities to enhance maternal health outcomes. Rural Health Extension Teams, Maternal Health Access, Community Engagement, Northern Ethiopia
Patient Satisfaction and Programme Impact Assessment in Community Health Worker Programmes
Community health worker programmes have been implemented in urban areas of Cotonou, Benin to improve access to healthcare services and address health disparities among vulnerable populations. An action research approach was employed, involving qualitative interviews with patients and focus group discussions with healthcare providers. Patient feedback forms were also collected for quantitative analysis. Patient satisfaction scores indicated an average improvement of 15% across various services provided by community health workers compared to baseline assessments conducted in . The findings suggest that community health worker programmes have a positive impact on patient care and service delivery, but further research is needed to identify specific areas for improvement. Programme managers should focus on enhancing communication skills and training opportunities for community health workers to improve overall satisfaction levels among patients. Community Health Worker Programmes, Patient Satisfaction, Programme Impact, Urban Areas of Cotonou, Benin
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Social Media's Influence on Urban Ghanaian Communication Patterns,
Urban Ghanaian communication patterns have evolved significantly over recent decades, influenced by both traditional media and newer digital technologies. A comparative analysis of survey data from and was conducted using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews. The proportion of individuals relying on social media for news increased by 50% between and , while traditional radio remains the dominant source of information. Social media has transformed urban Ghana's communication landscape, with significant shifts in preferred sources of information but maintaining a strong presence of traditional media outlets. Further research should explore the implications of these changes on civic engagement and social cohesion within urban communities. Urban Communication Patterns, Social Media, Digital Transformation, Ghana
Gender-Specific Entrepreneurship Training and Economic Empowerment in Cross River State
Gender-specific entrepreneurship training programmes have been implemented in various regions to address economic disparities. In Nigeria's Cross River State, such initiatives aim to empower women economically and reduce gender-based inequalities. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, synthesizing findings from multiple studies and evaluations that assessed the programme's outcomes. The analysis revealed significant improvements in participants' income levels and business growth rates, particularly among women entrepreneurs who received training. For instance, 60% of female participants reported an increase in their monthly incomes by over 25% after participating in the training programmes. While the studies provide evidence for positive impacts, there is room for enhancing programme effectiveness through targeted interventions and community engagement. Future research should focus on developing more sustainable support systems post-training to ensure long-term economic benefits. Additionally, incorporating gender-sensitive metrics could improve evaluation methodologies.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Effectiveness of Community-based Climate Change Adaptation Programmes Among Maize Farmers in Zimbabwe
Community-based climate change adaptation programmes (CCAPs) are designed to enhance resilience among vulnerable populations such as maize farmers in Zimbabwe. A mixed-method approach, including surveys and focus group discussions, was employed to gather data from 150 randomly selected farmers across three regions in Zimbabwe. CCAPs significantly improved maize yields by an average of 25% compared to non-participating areas (p < 0.05), with a notable increase in farmer knowledge about climate change impacts and adaptation strategies. The programmes have proven effective in bolstering the adaptive capacity of maize farmers against climatic variability, warranting their continued support and expansion. Local governments should prioritise funding for CCAPs and integrate them into existing agricultural development plans to maximise benefits for vulnerable communities.
Theatre and Performance as Social Commentary in West Africa
Theatre and performance have long served as powerful vehicles for social commentary in West African societies, including Kenya. This ethnographic study seeks to explore how these forms of expression are used to address contemporary issues within Kenyan communities. The research employed participant observation, semi-structured interviews with local artists and community members, and the collection of performance scripts and recordings. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify recurring themes in social commentary. A significant proportion (75%) of performances addressed issues related to economic inequality, while another notable theme was cultural preservation efforts. These findings indicate that theatre and performance serve as crucial platforms for addressing complex societal issues through artistic expression. This study underscores the importance of integrating arts education into broader social and political discourses in Kenya. The empirical data reveal the effectiveness of performance-based activism in fostering community cohesion and advocacy. Educational institutions should consider incorporating theatre and performance studies to better equip students with tools for critical engagement with societal issues. Community leaders could also benefit from workshops on using arts as a means of social commentary.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adoption of Organic Coffee Practices Among Yirgacheffe Farmers in Northwestern Ethiopia
Yirgacheffe is a renowned coffee-growing region in Northwestern Ethiopia known for its high-quality organic coffee production. Despite the global trend towards sustainable agricultural practices, there remains limited empirical research on how smallholder farmers adopt and benefit from organic farming methods. The research employed qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observations to gather data from farmers in Yirgacheffe. An iterative approach was used for data collection and analysis over three consecutive years, ensuring robust insights into farmer behaviour and environmental outcomes. During the study period, approximately 75% of farmers reported adopting organic practices, with a notable trend towards greater adoption rates among younger generations who had received initial training and support. Key themes included socio-economic benefits such as increased market access and improved health conditions for families. The findings suggest that while challenges persist regarding cost and labour requirements, the majority of Yirgacheffe farmers view organic practices positively and are committed to sustainable agricultural methods. This study provides valuable insights into farmer behaviour and environmental impacts within a specific context. Given the positive outcomes observed, recommendations include continued support for training programmes aimed at enhancing organic farming skills among smallholder farmers, alongside efforts to reduce costs and improve market linkages.
Health Insurance Adoption Among Low-Income Families in Lagos, Nigeria
Health insurance adoption rates among low-income families in urban areas of Nigeria have been under-researched, despite its potential to improve access to healthcare and alleviate financial burdens. The study employs a qualitative research design, utilising semi-structured interviews with 50 low-income families as participants. Data analysis is conducted through thematic content analysis. Findings suggest that affordability remains the primary barrier to health insurance adoption, with majority of respondents indicating willingness to enroll if premiums were reduced by at least 30%. The findings highlight the importance of addressing financial barriers and engaging community stakeholders in designing more affordable health insurance schemes for low-income families. Recommendation is made for policymakers to consider subsidizing or offering subsidies for healthcare services, alongside developing comprehensive health insurance programmes targeted at vulnerable populations.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Language revitalization efforts in East Africa have become a critical component of cultural identity preservation, particularly in Algeria and other neighboring countries where multiple indigenous languages coexist with colonial or globalized languages. This study employs a mixed-method approach involving literature reviews, expert interviews, and case studies to explore the multifaceted dynamics of language revitalization in East Africa. Qualitative data analysis is used to interpret interview transcripts and narrative accounts from linguistic experts and community leaders. A key finding is that successful language revitalization projects often involve collaborative efforts between local communities and educational institutions, with a particular emphasis on integrating indigenous languages into primary school curricula. The analysis reveals the importance of balancing traditional cultural values with contemporary education systems to ensure sustainable language preservation. Recommendations for policymakers include fostering community-led initiatives and providing adequate funding. Policymakers are encouraged to prioritise collaborative efforts, integrate indigenous languages into educational frameworks, and allocate resources effectively to support language revitalization projects in East Africa.
Geographic Terms: African East Relevant Topic: Language Revitalization Cultural Identity Preservation Methodological/Theoretical Terms: Community-based Indigenous Knowledge Systems Ethnography Socio-linguistics Critical Discourse Analysis
Impact of Art Therapy on Depression Levels Amongst Elderly in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Art therapy has shown promise in reducing depression levels among elderly populations globally, but its effectiveness in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia remains underexplored. The study employed a mixed-methods approach with both quantitative (self-report questionnaires) and qualitative (interviews) data collection methods. A total of 120 participants were recruited from various community centers, ensuring representation across different socio-economic backgrounds. Analysis revealed that art therapy significantly reduced depression levels by 35% in the intervention group compared to a control group who did not receive art therapy. The findings suggest that incorporating art therapy into mental health interventions for elderly populations could be an effective strategy for managing depression, particularly in resource-limited settings like Addis Ababa. Healthcare providers and policymakers should consider integrating art therapy as a complementary treatment option for elderly patients suffering from depression. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess long-term efficacy.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
ICT Use in Conflict Resolution Training within Northern DRC Communities
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), particularly its northern regions such as North Kivu and South Kivu, has faced persistent conflicts due to ethnic tensions, resource exploitation, and political instability. The implementation of conflict resolution training programmes is seen as a potential solution within these communities. A qualitative approach was employed through semi-structured interviews with participants and stakeholders involved in conflict resolution training programmes. Data collection focused on ICT usage within these programmes and its perceived benefits and challenges by the communities. ICT use facilitated more frequent communication among community members, particularly youth groups who were often marginalized during traditional forums. A significant proportion (65%) of respondents reported improved understanding of peacebuilding concepts through ICT-based training sessions compared to conventional methods. The integration of ICT in conflict resolution training has shown promise for enhancing engagement and comprehension within Northern DRC communities, though challenges such as limited access remain. Policy makers should prioritise funding for ICT infrastructure development alongside traditional peacebuilding initiatives. Additionally, continuous professional development programmes for trainers are recommended to ensure effective use of these tools.
Social Media and Urban Communication Patterns in Ghana
Social media has become integral to daily communication in urban Ghana, influencing how information is disseminated and interactions are conducted. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis from a survey of 500 urban residents to explore usage frequency and perceived efficacy of social media platforms in facilitating communication. Urban Ghanaians use Facebook and WhatsApp extensively, with over 60% reporting frequent interaction via these channels. SMS remains the most preferred method for business-related communications. Social media has transformed urban Ghana's communication landscape, necessitating tailored policy interventions to ensure equitable access and usage across different demographics. Develop targeted educational programmes on digital literacy, promote balanced use of social media by integrating traditional forms of communication, and encourage the development of local content creators to foster a sense of ownership and community cohesion.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urban Green Spaces Development for Mental Health Promotion among Moroccan Slum Residents
Urban green spaces have been increasingly recognised for their potential to enhance mental health among urban populations, particularly in low-income areas where access to such environments is limited. The study employed both qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys to gather data from participants, with GIS mapping used for spatial analysis. Participants reported an average improvement of 25% in mental well-being following exposure to green spaces, while the cost-benefit ratio was found to be favorable with a return on investment of 1.5:1. The development and maintenance of urban green spaces offer a viable strategy for improving mental health outcomes at a relatively low financial cost compared to traditional healthcare interventions. Local governments should prioritise the expansion and sustainable management of urban green spaces as part of broader mental health initiatives in South Africa. Urban Green Spaces, Mental Health Promotion, Slum Residents, Cost-Benefit Analysis
Music as a Political Expression during Transitions in North Africa and Central African Republic,
This study explores how music serves as a form of political expression during transitions in North Africa and Central African Republic (CAR). Data were collected through qualitative interviews with musicians, analysis of public music events, and documentary research. Comparative thematic analysis was employed to identify common themes across the regions. Music in both regions featured prominently at key transitional moments, such as elections and political rallies, where it served to unify or divide populations based on socio-political affiliations. The findings suggest that music acts as a powerful medium for articulating collective identities and mobilizing public support during times of transition. Policy makers should consider the role of music in political discourse when planning transitional processes, potentially integrating musical elements into official strategies to enhance social cohesion.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Language Revitalization and Cultural Identity in East African Zambian Communities
Language revitalization efforts in East African Zambian communities are crucial for preserving cultural identity and linguistic heritage amid increasing globalization pressures. A mixed-methods survey approach was employed, combining quantitative data from structured questionnaires and qualitative insights through semi-structured interviews. The sample included participants from four major ethnic groups within the surveyed region. The survey revealed a statistically significant positive correlation (p < .05) between active engagement in revitalization programmes and respondents' perceived cultural identity strength, with over 75% of participants reporting increased self-identification with their native language and culture after participation in such initiatives. Language revitalization efforts are recognised as effective tools for bolstering cultural identity among Zambians, particularly when integrated into broader community development strategies. Communities should prioritise culturally sensitive language education programmes and foster collaborative partnerships between government agencies, educational institutions, and local communities to sustain these initiatives.
Visual Culture and Identity Formation Among Youth in South Africa
Visual culture plays a significant role in shaping identities across various societies, including South Africa. Among youth, visual expressions such as clothing, hairstyles, and body art are not only markers of individuality but also reflect broader social dynamics and cultural narratives. The research design integrates both qualitative depth interviews (N=30) to capture nuanced perspectives and quantitative survey data (n=500) to provide a broader demographic analysis. The sample includes participants from diverse urban and rural settings across South Africa, ensuring representativeness of the youth population. Quantitative findings show that approximately 65% of respondents associate certain visual expressions with positive cultural identities, while qualitative data highlight themes such as traditional versus modern influences on identity formation. Notably, participants from lower socio-economic backgrounds reported stronger ties to local cultural traditions in their visual choices. The mixed methods approach reveals a complex interplay between visual culture and identity among South African youth, emphasising the importance of both symbolic meanings and social context in shaping individual identities. Educational programmes should incorporate discussions on visual culture as a means to foster cultural appreciation and promote inclusive self-expression. Additionally, policymakers could consider supporting initiatives that preserve traditional cultural practices while encouraging modern expressions within these traditions. Visual Culture, Identity Formation, Youth, South Africa, Mixed Methods Study
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Islamic Scholarship Centres' Impact on Academic Achievement and Dropout Rates Among Female Students in Cairo
Islamic scholarship centres in Cairo have been established to support female students who face financial barriers to education. These institutions provide academic and religious guidance, and some offer scholarships to cover tuition fees. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys, focus group discussions, and participant observation. Data were collected from a sample of 150 female students enrolled in arts and humanities courses at five Islamic scholarship centres in Cairo. The findings indicate that students who attended the scholarship centres had higher average grades (3.2 out of 4) compared to those not affiliated with these institutions, suggesting an academic advantage. Dropout rates among centre attendees were notably lower, with only 10% dropping out within a year, as opposed to 25% in comparable non-centre groups. The study concludes that Islamic scholarship centres significantly contribute to improving the academic performance and retention of female students in Cairo's arts and humanities programmes. Educational policymakers should consider expanding access to these scholarship centres, as they appear effective at mitigating financial barriers to education. Additionally, further research into the long-term educational benefits is recommended. Islamic Scholarship Centres, Academic Achievement, Dropout Rates, Female Students, Cairo
A Scoping Review of Religious Syncretism and Cultural Adaptation in Gabonese Diasporic Communities,
**Background:** The Gabonese diaspora, dispersed globally, engages in complex processes of cultural and religious adaptation. Within the Arts & Humanities, understanding how these communities negotiate religious identity through syncretism—the blending of distinct religious traditions—is a developing scholarly focus for the contemporary period. **Purpose and objectives:** This scoping review aims to map and synthesise scholarly literature from 2021 to 2025 on religious syncretism and cultural adaptation within Gabonese diasporic communities. Its objectives are to identify key themes, methodological approaches, and gaps in the current research landscape. **Methodology:** The review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework for scoping reviews. Systematic searches were executed across relevant Arts & Humanities academic databases. Included sources were peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and conference proceedings in English and French, published between January 2021 and December 2025. **Findings/Key insights:** The literature demonstrates a predominant geographical focus on Gabonese communities in Europe, especially France and Belgium. A key insight is the strategic syncretism of Pentecostal Christianity with traditional Gabonese practices, like ancestor veneration, to navigate existential concerns of displacement and belonging. Research on diasporic communities in other regions remains notably scarce. **Conclusion:** The review concludes that religious syncretism acts as a dynamic, agentive strategy for cultural adaptation within the Gabonese diaspora, aiding identity preservation whilst engaging with host societies. Existing research is geographically concentrated, leaving significant diasporic hubs under-examined. **Recommendations:** Future research should investigate Gabonese communities in North America, Asia, and within Africa. Longitudinal and ethnographic studies are needed to better understand the lived experience of syncretism across different generations. **Key words:** Religious syncretism, cultural adaptation, Gabon, diaspora, transnationalism, hybridity, Arts & Humanities. **Contribution statement:** This review consolidates current knowledge on a specific African diaspora, providing a foundational resource for scholars in religious studies and diaspora studies within the Arts & Humanities.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
**Revised Abstract** The period from 2021 to 2023 has witnessed a profound intensification of global debates on decolonising heritage, with Egypt’s concerted campaign for artefact restitution emerging as a pivotal case. This commentary provides a critical examination of how these restitution dynamics are reshaping the ethical foundations of archaeological practice and heritage diplomacy in Egypt. It argues that the repatriation discourse has fundamentally altered the ethical landscape, moving beyond legalistic claims towards a paradigm of restorative justice and epistemic reclamation. The analysis is constructed through a critical review and synthesis of recent developments, drawing on pertinent sources from archaeology, heritage studies, Egyptology, and decolonial theory. It applies a normative ethical framework to evaluate the tensions between scientific value, cultural sovereignty, and international collaboration. A key insight is that Egypt’s coordinated restitution efforts have successfully reframed returns as a restoration of national narrative and authority, thereby making ethical practice inextricable from repatriation. Consequently, the legitimacy of future archaeological work is increasingly contingent on transparent, equitable partnerships that prioritise Egyptian stewardship and address historical inequities. The commentary concludes by advocating for a reoriented approach. This includes the adoption of collaborative models from project inception, ensuring Egyptian leadership in knowledge production, and urging international institutions to establish proactive restitution protocols. Ethical field practice must now explicitly integrate plans for local curation and digital access, embedding principles of equity directly into operational frameworks. **Keywords:** Archaeological ethics, Repatriation, Restitution, Egypt, Cultural heritage, Decolonisation, Collaborative archaeology
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
A Scoping Review of Queer Biblical Hermeneutics and LGBTQ+ Lived Religion in Botswana,
Background: A significant research gap exists within the Arts & Humanities regarding queer biblical hermeneutics and the lived religion of LGBTQ+ individuals in Botswana, particularly for the period 2021–2026. Purpose and objectives: This scoping review aims to map the current scholarly landscape, clarify central theological and social debates, and identify the practical implications for both academic research and community practice in Botswana. Methodology: A structured scoping review methodology was employed. Relevant academic and grey literature published between 2021 and 2026 was identified and selected, followed by a thematic synthesis of the extracted data. Findings: The analysis reveals a field characterised by persistent structural and theological constraints faced by LGBTQ+ Batswana. Concurrently, evidence points to emerging localised hermeneutical innovations and community-based support strategies. The available evidence, however, remains uneven across different geographical and denominational contexts. Conclusion: The review concludes that the intersection of queer identity, biblical interpretation, and religious practice in Botswana is complex and under-researched. It underscores the necessity for context-specific analytical frameworks and more robust empirical foundations in future studies. Recommendations: Researchers should pursue nuanced, locally grounded ethnographic work. Religious communities and policymakers are encouraged to develop strategies informed by the documented lived realities of LGBTQ+ people of faith, prioritising inclusivity and improved data transparency. Key words: Queer biblical hermeneutics, LGBTQ+, lived religion, Botswana, Africa, Arts & Humanities, scoping review Contribution statement: This review provides a foundational synthesis of recent scholarship, clarifying the scope of existing knowledge and key gaps to inform future research and dialogue within Botswana’s religious and academic sectors.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
**Background:** This review analyses the scholarly discourse on gender representation within Ugandan cinema from 2021 to 2025. It positions this analysis within wider debates in African film studies concerning how cinematic narratives reflect and influence societal gender norms. **Purpose and objectives:** The purpose is to synthesise and critically evaluate recent academic literature on gender portrayal in Ugandan film. The primary objective is to identify prevailing thematic trends, research gaps, and evolving perspectives on the representation of women, men, and gender relations during this period. **Methodology:** A systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles, scholarly book chapters, and relevant conference proceedings published between 2021 and 2025 was conducted. Literature was identified using key academic databases, with analysis focused on extracting thematic patterns and core critical arguments. **Findings/Key insights:** The analysis reveals a persistent dominant trend of portraying women in relation to domestic spheres or as victims of social adversity. However, an emergent counter-trend features more assertive, career-oriented female characters. A key finding is that approximately 70% of analysed films from this period positioned male characters as the primary agents of narrative resolution. Themes exploring crises of masculinity are also increasingly prevalent. **Conclusion:** The review concludes that Ugandan cinema from 2021–2025 largely reiterates traditional gender archetypes, yet demonstrates a discernible, though limited, shift towards more complex representations. This evolution mirrors ongoing tensions between entrenched social norms and contemporary discourses on gender equity. **Recommendations:** Future research should employ more intersectional frameworks and undertake comparative analyses with other East African cinemas. Filmmakers are encouraged to collaborate with gender scholars to develop narratives that challenge stereotypical portrayals. **Key words:** Gender representation, Ugandan cinema, African film, masculinity, femininity, film studies, cultural narratives. **Contribution statement:** This review consolidates recent scholarship to provide an evidence-based overview of gender portrayal in contemporary Ugandan film, establishing a foundational reference for researchers and practitioners in African cultural studies.