The Nile Basin of Senegal faces severe water scarcity challenges, leading to conflicts among communities and stakeholders over limited resources. Qualitative methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews with local community members and key informants from government agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Community leaders reported that 40% of conflicts stemmed from water allocation disputes, particularly during dry seasons. The study underscores the importance of collaborative governance structures and improved communication channels in managing water scarcity effectively. Establishment of a regional water management committee and regular community workshops are recommended to foster cooperation and reduce tensions over scarce resources.