HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health issue in Kenya, necessitating effective strategies to improve treatment adherence among affected individuals. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of HIV-positive patients and healthcare providers in urban and rural areas. Data analysis employed thematic content analysis for thematic identification and interpretation. Findings revealed that adherence challenges predominantly revolved around stigma, fear of side effects, and inadequate support from both healthcare systems and families, with proportions ranging between 40-60% experiencing these issues. The qualitative insights underscore the importance of addressing psychological barriers to improve HIV treatment adherence in Kenya. Healthcare providers should integrate psychosocial interventions into routine care, while policymakers must enhance community support structures and reduce stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS.