Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are digital records of patient health information created by healthcare providers. In Nigeria, including Lagos, their adoption is crucial for improving clinical care and public health outcomes. We employ a qualitative approach by conducting semi-structured interviews with medical practitioners, analysing existing literature, and synthesizing expert opinions to construct our theoretical model. The theoretical framework identifies barriers to EHR adoption such as technical difficulties and resistance to change, which can inform policy and educational interventions in Lagos. Healthcare policymakers should prioritise training programmes for medical practitioners on the benefits and use of EHRs. Public health initiatives could include incentives for EHR adoption and support systems to improve patient care outcomes.