The Sahelian region of Ethiopia is facing significant climate variability, which has profound implications for human security across various sectors including agriculture, health, and livelihoods. The theoretical framework is developed through a review of existing literature on climate change impacts, vulnerability assessments, and resilience studies within African contexts. The theoretical framework presented offers a robust foundation for understanding and addressing human security challenges exacerbated by climate change in the Sahelian region of Ethiopia. Policy recommendations include integrating early warning systems with agricultural insurance schemes to enhance resilience against climatic shocks.