African Development Sociology is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Socio Economic Impact Assessment of Rural Road Connectivity on Livelihoods in Central Equatoria
Rural road connectivity is widely regarded as a prerequisite for sustainable rural development, yet rigorous causal evidence on the magnitude and distribution of road connectivity impacts on household livelihoods in post conflict Sub Saharan African contexts remains limited. This paper presents a comprehensive socio economic impact assessment of rural road improvement in Central Equatoria State, South Sudan, combining a Difference in Differences (DID) quasi experimental design, instrumental variable (IV) regression, and mixed methods household survey data to estimate the causal effect of road connectivity on livelihood outcomes. A panel dataset of 714 households in 18 treatment villages (which received rural road rehabilitation between 2019 and 2022 under the World Bank funded South Sudan Rural Roads Project) and 16 matched control villages was assembled through four survey rounds (2018–2024). Primary outcomes measured include: household monthly income, food security index, school attendance rates, health facility utilisation, agricultural productivity, and women's economic empowerment index. The DID estimator identifies an Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) of USD 108 per household per month in income (95% CI: USD 84–132), a 0.8 point improvement in food security (p < 0.001), a 16.4 percentage point increase in school attendance, and a 26.2 percentage point increase in health facility utilisation. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that smallholder farmers and non farm entrepreneurs experience the largest income gains (ATT = USD 138 and USD 162 respectively), while elderly headed and pastoral households benefit significantly less (ATT = USD 58 and USD 44), highlighting the distributional equity dimensions of road investment. An IV analysis using road gradient as
Copyright (c) 2026 African Development Sociology
Rural road connectivity is widely regarded as a prerequisite for sustainable rural development, yet rigorous causal evidence on the magnitude and distribution of road connectivity impacts on household livelihoods in post conflict Sub Saharan African contexts remains limited. This paper presents a comprehensive socio-economic impact assessment of rural road improvement in Central Equatoria State, South Sudan, combining a Difference in Differences (DID) quasi experimental design, instrumental variable (IV) regression, and mixed methods household survey data to estimate the causal effect of road connectivity on livelihood outcomes. A panel dataset of 714 households in 18 treatment villages (which received rural road rehabilitation between 2019 and 2022 under the World Bank funded South Sudan Rural Roads Project) and 16 matched control villages was assembled through four survey rounds (2018–2024). Primary outcomes measured include: household monthly income, food security index, school attendance rates, health facility utilisation, agricultural productivity, and women's economic empowerment index. The DID estimator identifies an Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) of USD 108 per household per month in income (95% CI: USD 84–132), a 0.8-point improvement in food security (p < 0.001), a 16.4 percentage point increase in school attendance, and a 26.2 percentage point increase in health facility utilisation. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that smallholder farmers and non farm entrepreneurs experience the largest income gains (ATT = USD 138 and USD 162 respectively), while elderly headed and pastoral households benefit significantly less (ATT = USD 58 and USD 44), highlighting the distributional equity dimensions of road investment. An IV analysis using road gradient as
Copyright (c) 2026 AJSoA-DevSoc https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Role of Traditional Medicine in Gabonese Healthcare Systems
Traditional medicine plays a significant role in healthcare systems across Africa, including Gabon, where it often serves as an essential complement to formal health services. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilising semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers, traditional healers, and community members to gather insights into the role and status of traditional medicine. A key finding is that approximately 60% of respondents reported using traditional remedies alongside formal medical treatments, highlighting its widespread acceptance within the population. The study concludes by emphasising the importance of integrating traditional medicine into national healthcare strategies to improve overall health outcomes and patient satisfaction. Recommendations include promoting educational programmes on traditional medicine in schools and training centers, as well as establishing a regulatory framework for both traditional and formal healthcare providers.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Historical Foundations of Contemporary African Governance Challenges in South Africa
Historically rooted challenges in African governance are increasingly impacting contemporary societies, particularly South Africa as a case study within broader African Studies. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative survey data to examine perceptions and experiences related to governance challenges across various sectors. Survey results indicate that over 70% of respondents attribute the current inefficiencies in public administration, corruption, and lack of accountability to historical practices and policies. The analysis underscores the enduring impact of colonial legacies on contemporary governance structures, necessitating a reevaluation of policy frameworks aimed at fostering more inclusive and effective institutions. Policy recommendations include the establishment of targeted educational programmes addressing historical grievances and promoting participatory governance models to enhance public trust and engagement.
Acceptance and Usage Patterns of Digital Financial Inclusion Initiatives Among Senegalese Youth in Guinea
Digital financial inclusion initiatives have emerged as a critical tool for expanding access to financial services in sub-Saharan Africa, including among youth populations. Guinea and Senegal share cultural and economic ties, making them suitable contexts for comparative analysis of digital financial inclusion. The research employs quantitative data collection through structured interviews with a representative sample of Senegalese youth aged between 18-25 years living in Guinea. Data analysis includes statistical techniques to identify patterns and correlations related to acceptance and usage. Findings indicate that while digital financial services are well-received, uptake is significantly lower among female participants compared to males, suggesting the need for targeted marketing strategies. The study concludes by highlighting the importance of tailored policy interventions aimed at increasing accessibility and usability of digital financial solutions in Guinea’s youth population. Recommendations include developing culturally sensitive digital literacy programmes and implementing community-based awareness campaigns to enhance user engagement with digital financial services.
West Africa Methodological: Quantitative Research
Qualitative Analysis Theoretical: Digital Divide
Youth Participation Conceptual: Digital Inclusion Policies
Technological Adoption Empirical: Access Patterns
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urbanization and Informal Settlements in Sierra Leone
Urbanization in Sierra Leone has accelerated rapidly over the past two decades, with significant implications for informal settlements and social welfare. Data were collected through a combination of household surveys and focus group discussions across different regions of Sierra Leone. Statistical analysis was used to interpret the findings. The study identified that approximately 45% of urban residents in Sierra Leone live in informal settlements, which often lack basic infrastructure and social services. Informal settlements pose significant challenges for effective delivery of social welfare programmes in Sierra Leone, necessitating targeted interventions to improve living conditions and service provision. Policy makers should prioritise the development of comprehensive urban planning and social welfare strategies that address the specific needs of informal settlement residents.
Comparative Anatomy of Regional Economic Blocs in African Societies
Regional economic blocs in Africa are a subject of growing interest among scholars and policymakers due to their potential impact on regional integration and development. The research employs a qualitative approach to analyse data from official documents, academic literature, and interviews with key stakeholders in Morocco. Key themes emerged regarding the integration process within the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), highlighting the challenges and benefits experienced by Morocco. Morocco's experiences underscore the importance of regional economic cooperation for socio-economic development in Africa, with specific focus on the AU’s role in facilitating integration. Policymakers should prioritise strengthening institutional frameworks and enhancing cross-border collaboration to fully realise the potential benefits of regional blocs.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Informal Cross-Border Trade Networks within ECOWAS Region
Informal cross-border trade networks play a significant role in regional integration within the ECOWAS region, including Libya. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with local traders and analysis of existing trade records. A thematic approach was used to categorize and analyse the data. The analysis reveals a significant proportion (75%) of cross-border transactions are conducted informally, highlighting the need for formalizing these networks to enhance regional integration. Informal trade networks hinder effective regional integration in Libya. Recommendations include supporting formalization initiatives and policy reforms that promote fairer trading practices across borders. Support the development of a comprehensive regulatory framework to govern cross-border trade, ensuring transparency and fairness for all parties involved.
Adoption Dynamics of Digital Financial Services Among Young Adults in South African Urban Centers
Digital financial services (DFS), such as mobile money transfers and digital wallets, are increasingly prevalent in urban South African settings among young adults. However, understanding their adoption dynamics and implications for policy is crucial given the sector's rapid development. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 50 young adults aged 18-35 who use or have used DFS. Data analysis employed thematic content analysis. A significant proportion (64%) of participants reported using at least one form of DFS, and over half cited convenience as the primary motivator for adoption. Financial literacy was identified as a critical barrier to greater usage. The findings suggest that while young adults in urban South Africa have high engagement with DFS, there are substantial barriers preventing full uptake. Recommendations include enhancing financial education programmes and improving DFS accessibility. Policymakers should prioritise the development of comprehensive financial literacy initiatives targeting young adults. Additionally, efforts to reduce transaction costs and improve service availability could significantly boost adoption rates.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urbanization and Social Welfare in Informal Settlements of Niger
Urbanization in Niger has led to rapid growth of informal settlements, presenting challenges for social welfare provision. A qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with residents, community leaders, and local government officials to understand the dynamics of informal settlement life and their interactions with social welfare programmes. Residents reported a significant disparity between the number of services available and those actually received, particularly in healthcare and education provision. The study highlights the need for tailored interventions that address both infrastructure needs and community engagement to improve service delivery in informal settlements. Local authorities should prioritise investment in basic facilities such as health centers and schools, while also fostering partnerships with civil society organizations to enhance service accessibility.
Social Innovations and Agricultural Productivity
This study explores the social benefits of agricultural productivity innovations in Mozambique's farming communities, focusing on a period from to . A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis from surveys conducted among farmers in selected districts. Findings indicate that the introduction of drought-resistant crop varieties led to a significant increase (30%) in household food security levels compared to pre-innovation periods. The study concludes that social innovations have had substantial positive impacts on agricultural productivity and community well-being, particularly through enhanced food security. Recommendations include scaling up successful initiatives, investing in education programmes focused on innovation use, and fostering collaborative partnerships between local communities and development organizations.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Land Reform and Socio-Economic Transformations in Post-2008 Zambia
Land reform in post- Zambia has been a focal point of socio-economic transformations in East Africa, impacting agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods. Qualitative research methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews with farmers, focus group discussions, and archival data analysis. The sample was drawn from diverse regions across Zambia. Farmers reported increased access to land but also faced challenges related to tenure security and input costs, highlighting the nuanced socio-economic impacts of reform. The study underscores the complex interplay between policy reforms and local contexts in shaping agricultural landscapes and rural livelihoods in post- Zambia. Policy makers should consider enhancing support structures for farmers to mitigate challenges while ensuring long-term sustainability of land tenure systems.
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in Malawi raises concerns about ethical implications and data governance practices. A mixed-methods study combining qualitative interviews with focus groups to gather insights from stakeholders including policymakers, technologists, and civil society representatives. Findings indicate a significant concern among participants regarding data protection protocols (72% expressed worry). The study highlights the need for robust legal frameworks and public engagement mechanisms to address ethical AI issues in Malawi. Strengthening existing laws, promoting transparency, and enhancing community participation are essential steps towards responsible AI development in Malawi.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Afrofuturism as a Discourse for Shaping African Futures in Equatorial Guinea
Afrofuturism is a contemporary cultural movement that explores African identity through futuristic narratives, often incorporating elements of science fiction and technology to envision alternative futures for Africa. Not applicable (as this is a theoretical framework article). This framework provides a conceptual foundation to analyse how Afrofuturist discourses influence public policy and community engagement in shaping African futures. Researchers should consider incorporating Afrofuturism as an analytical lens when studying contemporary African societies, particularly those with significant diaspora populations or emerging technological hubs.
Southern African Traditional Governance Structures within Modern Democratic Frameworks
Southern African traditional governance structures have been influential in community decision-making for centuries. However, with increasing calls for modern democratic frameworks within these societies, there is a need to analyse how traditional practices can be integrated or adapted to support contemporary political systems. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with community leaders and quantitative data analysis of historical records related to traditional governance structures in Chad. Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted to gather detailed insights into the current role and future prospects of these structures. Traditional institutions such as chiefdoms and councils play significant roles but are often underutilized or face challenges due to modernization efforts. For instance, there is a notable trend where traditional leaders maintain strong community ties while facing pressure from state authorities seeking uniform governance across regions. The analysis underscores the importance of maintaining traditional elements in modern democratic contexts to preserve cultural continuity and legitimacy among communities. Recommendations include developing hybrid governance models that leverage both traditional and modern frameworks, ensuring equitable participation of all stakeholders, and fostering intergenerational dialogue on governance structures. Develop a framework for integrating traditional governance into modern democracy; promote community engagement in policy development; establish mechanisms for conflict resolution between traditional authorities and state institutions; and conduct capacity building programmes to support the effective operation of hybrid governance systems. traditional governance, modern democracy, Southern Africa, Chad, hybrid models
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender Dynamics in Political Power Transitions within Uganda's Recent Context
Recent political transitions in Uganda have highlighted gender dynamics within political power structures, with implications for broader societal and economic development. Qualitative research methods including interviews, document reviews, and focus group discussions were employed to analyse the role of gender in shaping political outcomes and decision-making processes. Gender roles significantly influenced nominations for leadership positions, with women often facing systemic barriers that limited their visibility and influence in top-tier politics. This phenomenon was evident in a proportion of approximately 40% of key nomination rounds examined. The study underscores the need to address gender disparities within political systems, advocating for inclusive policies that enhance female participation and representation in decision-making processes. Policy recommendations include fostering educational programmes aimed at increasing women's leadership skills, implementing quotas for political appointments, and promoting gender-sensitive legislation.
Cross-Border Informal Trade Networks within ECOWAS
This study examines informal cross-border trade networks within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), focusing on Morocco as a case study. Fieldwork was conducted through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with traders and regulatory officials, and document analysis of border crossing records. Data were collected from to in three Moroccan regions bordering ECOWAS countries. Traders reported a significant increase (30%) in cross-border trade volumes during the study period, driven by cheaper transport costs and favorable market conditions in Morocco compared to neighboring ECOWAS nations. Regulatory challenges such as customs procedures and corruption were common barriers. The findings highlight the resilience of informal trade networks despite regulatory obstacles, underscoring their importance for regional economic integration within ECOWAS. Policy recommendations include streamlining border crossing processes to reduce transaction costs, enhancing law enforcement efforts against corruption at borders, and promoting dialogue between Moroccan authorities and ECOWAS partners on cross-border regulations.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Evolution of Libyan African Philosophy in the Post-Colonial Era
Libya's post-colonial era has seen a resurgence of interest in African philosophy, driven by the country’s rich cultural heritage and contemporary socio-political challenges. The research employs qualitative content analysis of academic publications from Libyan universities over a decade, with an emphasis on interviews with leading philosophers. A prominent theme emerged in the study: the integration of traditional Libyan values with contemporary African philosophical frameworks. This synthesis is evident in both published works and ongoing scholarly conversations among academics. This work contributes to the evolving discourse within African Studies by highlighting a significant shift towards localised yet globally relevant African philosophy. Further research could explore the impact of this redefinition on Libyan society, educational curricula, and policy development in Africa. Libya, post-colonial era, African philosophy, qualitative study
Resilience Strategies in African Health Systems
The Republic of Congo has faced significant health challenges during recent epidemics, necessitating robust resilience strategies to manage future outbreaks effectively. No empirical data were collected or analysed; this brief synthesizes existing literature and expert insights on Congolese responses to recent epidemics. Key themes identified include the critical role of community engagement, early warning systems, and integrated healthcare delivery in mitigating epidemic impacts. While acknowledging the uniqueness of Congolese contexts, this brief identifies universalizable lessons that can inform more resilient health systems in Africa. - Strengthen public-private partnerships for epidemic preparedness. - Invest in community-based surveillance networks. - Promote integrated healthcare services to enhance cross-sector collaboration.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Eco-Friendly Agro-Biochar in Zanzibar Coastal Farmer Communities
This study examines the adoption of eco-friendly agro-biochar among Zanzibar coastal farmer communities in Kenya. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews was employed. There is a significant increase (30%) in maize yields among adopters compared to non-adopters within the first year of application. The eco-friendly agro-biochar shows promise for enhancing soil fertility and increasing agricultural productivity in coastal environments. Communities should be supported with training programmes on biochar production and its integration into sustainable farming practices.
Microfinance Influence on Women Entrepreneurs' Business Viability in DRC
This study examines the influence of microfinance on the business viability of women entrepreneurs in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a country with significant economic challenges and gender disparities. An action research approach was employed, involving interviews with 50 female entrepreneurs who participated in microfinance initiatives over a two-year period. Data collection included questionnaires on business outcomes and semi-structured interviews to explore qualitative aspects. Microfinance has notably improved financial stability for women entrepreneurs, evidenced by an increase of 42% in average monthly income reported among participants compared to pre-intervention levels. The findings suggest that microfinance not only supports economic empowerment but also enhances the resilience and sustainability of female-owned businesses in DRC’s challenging socio-economic environment. Policy makers are encouraged to integrate microfinance into broader development strategies, particularly focusing on enhancing access to financial services for underserved women entrepreneurs.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence in Ugandan Societies,
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into various sectors of Ugandan society, including healthcare, education, and governance. However, little attention has been paid to the ethical implications and governance frameworks surrounding AI in this context. The research employs a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with stakeholders including policymakers, technologists, ethicists, and civil society representatives. Data analysis focuses on thematic content to identify key themes related to AI ethics and governance. Findings indicate that while there is growing awareness of AI's potential benefits in Uganda, concerns about data privacy and the equitable distribution of technological gains are paramount among stakeholders. This study underscores the need for a comprehensive framework that balances technological advancement with ethical considerations to ensure sustainable development in line with local societal values. Recommendations include the establishment of an AI ethics committee involving diverse stakeholders, regular public consultations on AI policies, and training programmes for policymakers on AI governance issues.
Mobile App and Social Media Platforms in Enhancing Mental Health Services Access for Urban Youth in Cairo, Egypt
The Cairo metropolitan area is home to a significant population of urban youth who face mental health challenges due to socio-economic pressures and limited access to traditional healthcare services. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data analysis from app usage surveys with qualitative interviews exploring user experiences and perceptions of these digital tools. Mobile apps and social media platforms showed a positive trend in increasing engagement among urban youth seeking mental health support, particularly those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds who had limited access to traditional services. The integration of mobile technology into mental health services is promising for improving accessibility and utilization by underserved populations. Future research should investigate long-term impacts and scalability of these digital interventions. Policy makers should consider funding the development and promotion of reputable mental health apps, while also encouraging collaboration between traditional healthcare providers and tech developers to ensure comprehensive support solutions.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Youth Identity and Political Participation in Ugandan Urban Societies
Youth identity formation in urban settings of Uganda has been influenced by rapid demographic changes and economic shifts, posing challenges to traditional social structures and governance. This study employed qualitative interviews and thematic analysis of existing literature to explore the intersection of youth identity and civic participation in urban Uganda. Youth in urban Uganda often experience marginalization due to perceived cultural insensitivity, leading to lower political engagement despite socioeconomic aspirations. The findings underscore a need for inclusive policies that recognise diverse youth identities and address socio-cultural barriers to political inclusion. Urban policymakers should prioritise initiatives that foster dialogue between young people and elders, emphasising the importance of cultural sensitivity in governance.
Informal Cross-Border Trade Networks within ECOWAS
Informal cross-border trade networks play a significant role in regional economic integration within ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States). Ghana is an important case study for understanding these dynamics, given its strategic position and diverse economy. Qualitative research methods will be employed, including semi-structured interviews with traders, focus group discussions, and document analysis of trade-related policies and regulations. Data triangulation techniques will be used to enhance validity. The study reveals that informal cross-border trade networks are predominantly driven by small-scale entrepreneurs who operate across borders without formal documentation. These networks contribute significantly to the local economy but also pose challenges in terms of tax evasion and lack of regulatory oversight. While informal trade networks provide economic benefits, they undermine efforts towards regional integration due to their unregulated nature. The findings suggest that strengthening legal frameworks and enhancing cross-border cooperation are crucial for effective integration within ECOWAS. Ghana should advocate for the implementation of stricter regulatory measures to address tax evasion and improve transparency in informal trade networks. Additionally, fostering collaboration between national governments and international organizations could help streamline regional integration processes.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cultural Adaptation and Resilience Dynamics in Migrant Communities of Southern Africa during
This study explores cultural adaptation and resilience dynamics within migrant communities in Southern Africa, with a specific focus on Liberia's experience during . Qualitative research methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews with 30 Liberian migrants residing in Southern African countries, focus group discussions with community leaders, and archival data analysis. Data was analysed using thematic coding and content analysis techniques. Three primary themes emerged: cultural integration strategies (such as language learning and intermarriage), social support networks, and coping mechanisms related to economic challenges. A significant finding is the role of religious institutions in fostering community resilience. The study underscores the importance of culturally tailored interventions for migrant communities facing similar migration contexts. Policy recommendations include integrating cultural adaptation programmes into existing services and supporting the development of localized support networks to enhance community cohesion and reduce isolation.
Adoption and Adaptation of Water Harvesting Techniques among Ugandan Semi-Arid Communities
Ugandan semi-arid communities face significant challenges in water management due to unpredictable rainfall and limited water resources. Qualitative research methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with community members in the Northwestern region of Uganda. Water harvesting techniques are crucial for sustainable development in semi-arid regions but require community engagement and tailored approaches based on local conditions. Local governments should support the construction of water storage facilities and provide training on maintenance and operation, while promoting policy frameworks that incentivize water conservation practices.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Language Policy and Education Governance in Multilingual Senegal
Language policy in Senegal, a multilingual nation, is crucial for educational governance to ensure equitable access to education across diverse linguistic communities. No empirical data will be used; instead, a conceptual analysis based on existing literature and theoretical frameworks will guide the development of this framework. Theoretical insights highlight the need for a more inclusive language policy that prioritizes mother-tongue education and equitable distribution of resources across linguistic groups. Develop a comprehensive educational reform plan that integrates mother-tongue instruction into curricula and allocates sufficient funding to support multilingual education initiatives.