This article examines Electoral Systems Design and Political Outcomes in Africa: Proportionality, Accountability, and Inclusion: Institutional Capacity and Political Will with a focused emphasis on Uganda within the field of Sociology. It is structured as a theoretical framework article that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.