Policy Impact Assessment of Renewable Energy Subsidies on Household Electricity Access in Lagos Slums: A Mixed Methods Study

Lagos, Nigeria’s largest city, faces significant challenges in providing reliable electricity to its population, particularly in slum areas where access is limited and costly. The study employs both quantitative survey data from 300 households to measure changes in electricity access and qualitative interviews with 50 community leaders, environmental activists, and government officials to explore policy dynamics and stakeholder perspectives. Renewable energy subsidies have led to a noticeable increase of 25% in household electricity connections in slum areas over the past year, though disparities remain based on income levels and infrastructure availability. The findings suggest that while renewable energy subsidies are effective in expanding access, they require targeted interventions to address persistent inequities and improve overall service quality. Governments should prioritise subsidizing low-income households and investing in community-based distribution networks to ensure equitable electricity access across all socio-economic groups in Lagos slums.