Traditional medicine plays a significant role in contemporary healthcare systems across Africa, including Gambia. Despite modern medical advancements, traditional practices remain deeply entrenched and often complement or coexist with formal health services. No empirical data will be presented; instead, a conceptual exploration through literature review and thematic analysis will inform our theoretical development. A theoretical framework highlighting the importance of integrating traditional and modern healthcare systems in Gambia is proposed to improve access and efficacy of health services for a broader population. Policy makers should consider promoting education on both traditional and modern medical practices, fostering collaboration between healers and formal healthcare providers, and incorporating traditional healing into national health insurance schemes.