Water scarcity is a critical issue affecting agricultural productivity and socio-economic development in the Nile Basin of Gambia. A mixed-methods approach combining case studies, surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis will be employed to comprehensively analyse the situation in Gambia’s Nile Basin. The preliminary findings suggest that approximately 40% of farmers in the study area depend on rain-fed agriculture, which is highly vulnerable to water scarcity. This research highlights the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern agricultural practices for sustainable water management. Policy recommendations include fostering collaboration between stakeholders and implementing targeted irrigation systems to enhance resilience against water scarcity.