Natural resource extraction has become a significant economic driver in Central Africa, including Mozambique. However, its impacts on political economy are complex and varied across different regions. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis. Data was collected through surveys and focus group discussions in selected regions of Mozambique. Findings indicate that while natural resource extraction brought about economic growth, there were significant concerns regarding the equitable distribution of benefits and environmental degradation. The study concludes that effective governance mechanisms are crucial to mitigate negative impacts and ensure sustainable development. Recommendations for policy makers include establishing transparent revenue sharing agreements and enhancing community involvement in decision-making processes. Develop policies that promote fair resource management, increase transparency in revenue distribution, and strengthen community participation in natural resource exploitation decisions.