African Sociology Review is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
A Generation Out of Patience: Youth Politics and the Challenge to Post-Colonial Political Orders in Sub-Saharan Africa
A Generation Out of Patience: Youth Politics and the Challenge to Post-Colonial Political Orders in Sub-Saharan Africa examines the mismatch between youth demographic weight and the political-economic closure of post-colonial governing orders. The article places South Sudan at the centre of the analysis, but it resists treating the case as uniquely exceptional or analytically sealed off from wider African and global debates. Instead, it brings Youth studies in African politics (Honwana; Sommers; Vigh); social movement theory (Tarrow; McAdam); generational political economy (Maton; Bourdieu on fields). Examines how demographic pressures, educational expansion, and digital connectivity are generating new forms of youth political mobilisation that challenge incumbent post-colonial orders. into one conversation and develops the concept of generational pressure politics to explain how formal norms, institutional design, and practical struggles over authority become fused. Using Comparative analysis of youth protest movements using social movement event data; survey research with youth cohorts in South Sudan, Uganda, and Kenya on political values, aspirations, and participation; social media discourse analysis; interviews with youth movement leaders and government youth policy officials., the paper reconstructs three linked propositions. First, it shows that demography, aspiration, and political blockage. Second, it demonstrates that digital repertoires and regime adaptation. Third, it argues that from episodic protest to durable political challenge. The paper answers the central puzzle posed by the research agenda—what common structural conditions — demographic bulge, graduate unemployment, digital connectivity, and political exclusion — underlie the diverse youth protest mo
Copyright (c) 2026 African Sociology Review
Natural Resource Extraction and Political Economy in Central African Mozambique,
Natural resource extraction has become a significant economic driver in Central Africa, including Mozambique. However, its impacts on political economy are complex and varied across different regions. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis. Data was collected through surveys and focus group discussions in selected regions of Mozambique. Findings indicate that while natural resource extraction brought about economic growth, there were significant concerns regarding the equitable distribution of benefits and environmental degradation. The study concludes that effective governance mechanisms are crucial to mitigate negative impacts and ensure sustainable development. Recommendations for policy makers include establishing transparent revenue sharing agreements and enhancing community involvement in decision-making processes. Develop policies that promote fair resource management, increase transparency in revenue distribution, and strengthen community participation in natural resource exploitation decisions.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Enhancing Water Harvesting Systems and Food Security in Rural Ethiopian Communities
Rural communities in Ethiopia face significant challenges related to water scarcity and food security, with inadequate water harvesting systems contributing to these issues. The study employed a mixed-methods design combining surveys, focus group discussions, and interviews with community members to gather comprehensive insights into the effectiveness of different water harvesting techniques. A notable finding was that households implementing improved water harvesting systems reported an average increase in crop yields by 25% compared to those without such interventions. The mixed-methods approach provided a robust understanding of how enhanced water harvesting systems can contribute positively to food security and sustainable livelihoods in rural Ethiopian communities. Communities should be supported with tailored water harvesting solutions, while policymakers need to allocate resources for the development of long-term water management strategies.
Religious Pluralism and Inter-Faith Dynamics in West Africa's Angola Context
Religious pluralism in West Africa's Angola context is characterized by a rich tapestry of religious traditions coexisting alongside established Christian and indigenous African religions. Utilising a comprehensive review of existing literature and anthropological studies, this theoretical framework will analyse the roles of key actors such as government policies, local community practices, and religious leaders in shaping inter-faith dynamics. This framework provides a nuanced understanding of how religious pluralism impacts social cohesion and conflict in Angola’s diverse religious landscape, offering insights for policymakers and scholars alike. Policymakers should encourage inclusive policies that respect multiple religious traditions while fostering mutual understanding through inter-faith dialogue programmes. Scholars can further explore the long-term effects of these dynamics on community stability and integration.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Modern democracy in Southern Africa has been a subject of interest for scholars examining traditional governance structures and their impact on contemporary political systems. A qualitative approach was employed by analysing historical documents, ethnographic studies, and interviews with local leaders and community members to understand contemporary dynamics within these structures. The review identified a significant overlap between traditional leadership roles and modern democratic processes, particularly in conflict resolution where traditional elders often mediate disputes using principles similar to those found in formal legal systems. While traditional governance structures have played an integral role in maintaining social cohesion and dispute resolution, their integration with modern democracy is still evolving, offering both challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. Future research should explore how these structures can be more formally integrated into the democratic framework to enhance legitimacy and effectiveness of government institutions.
The Political Economy of Natural Resource Extraction in Central Africa
Natural resource extraction in Central Africa has been a significant topic of study due to its economic importance and potential social impacts. The research employs semi-structured interviews and document analysis to gather data from key informants including government officials, industry representatives, and community leaders. A thematic approach is used to analyse the collected data. Themes emerging from the study include resource governance challenges such as corruption and lack of transparency in decision-making processes, which have significant implications for sustainable development in South Africa’s natural resources sector. The findings highlight critical areas where policy reforms are needed to enhance accountability and promote equitable outcomes in natural resource exploitation. Recommendations include strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing public participation mechanisms, and fostering collaborative governance models between stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Agricultural Cooperatives Formation Among Northern Congo Smallholder Farmers
Agricultural cooperatives have emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing economic resilience among smallholder farmers in developing countries, including those in northern Congo and Libya. The research will employ a review of existing literature, case studies from relevant regions, and theoretical models to construct an analytical framework that elucidates the dynamics between cooperatives, economic development, and farmer well-being. The theoretical framework underscores the importance of tailored strategies aimed at fostering cooperative formation, particularly in contexts where smallholder farmers are economically vulnerable but socially cohesive. Policy makers should invest in capacity building programmes that empower local leaders to facilitate farmer-led initiatives. Agricultural extension services could also play a crucial role in promoting cooperative structures by providing technical support and market linkages.
Water Scarcity and Conflict Dynamics in the Nile Basin of Nigeria
The Nile Basin in Nigeria is facing increasing water scarcity due to climate change and population growth, which has led to socio-economic tensions and potential conflicts. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions among stakeholders including farmers, government officials, and community leaders. Data analysis involved thematic coding and content analysis. The qualitative research revealed that water scarcity in the Nile Basin is affecting agricultural productivity, leading to increased competition for limited resources and contributing to social unrest in some communities. This study highlights the urgent need for integrated water management strategies and community-based conflict resolution mechanisms to mitigate potential conflicts arising from water scarcity in the Nile Basin of Nigeria. Policy recommendations include enhancing dialogue between different stakeholders, implementing sustainable agricultural practices, and developing early warning systems for water scarcity events.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Nile Basin is a water-rich region facing increasing competition for scarce resources, particularly in Kenya where water scarcity and conflicts have escalated. A comprehensive literature review was conducted alongside stakeholder consultations to identify key issues and propose solutions. Stakeholders identified water scarcity as a significant driver of conflict, with over 70% attributing conflicts to insufficient water resources. These insights guided the identification of policy levers for mitigation. The proposed framework aims to reduce tensions by promoting equitable access to water and fostering dialogue among diverse stakeholders. Implement a Water Resource Management Authority, enhance public education on water rights, and establish conflict resolution mechanisms.
Digital Literacy Training Programmes' Impact on Computer Usage Among Nigerian Adults
Digital literacy is increasingly recognised as a critical skill in contemporary society, particularly among adults who may lack formal education or training in computer usage. A quantitative survey approach was employed, utilising a structured questionnaire to gather data from a representative sample of adult Nigerians across different regions and socio-economic backgrounds. Data were analysed using statistical software to ensure reliability and validity. The analysis revealed that participants who received digital literacy training demonstrated an average increase in computer usage by 50% compared to those who did not receive such training, with significant improvements noted particularly among women and individuals from lower-income households. Digital literacy training programmes have shown promise in enhancing computer usage skills among Nigerian adults, especially when tailored to address specific needs and challenges faced by different demographic groups. Based on the findings, it is recommended that future digital literacy initiatives should be more inclusive and culturally sensitive, with a focus on reaching underserved populations such as women and low-income individuals.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Informal Cross-Border Trade and Regional Integration in ECOWAS from an African Perspective
Informal cross-border trade plays a significant role in regional integration within ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States), particularly in countries such as Kenya, which serves as a critical hub for this activity. The analysis is based on qualitative research methods including interviews with traders, focus group discussions, and secondary data review. While informal cross-border trade has significant economic benefits for both individuals and countries within ECOWAS, there are challenges in terms of regulatory compliance and market access that need to be addressed through more inclusive integration policies. To enhance regional integration, policymakers should develop targeted strategies to support the formalisation of informal trade sectors while ensuring fair competition and equitable market conditions for all stakeholders.
Cultural Adaptation and Resilience Dynamics in Southern African Migrant Communities
Southern African migrant communities face unique challenges related to cultural adaptation and resilience in Namibia, a country with significant demographic shifts due to migration from neighboring countries. Theoretical synthesis will be employed through literature review and conceptual analysis to identify key factors influencing cultural adaptation and resilience dynamics. This theoretical framework highlights the importance of understanding intergenerational transmission of culture, economic integration strategies, and social networks as critical for fostering resilient migrant communities in Namibia. Policy makers should consider implementing targeted support programmes that address cultural preservation efforts alongside infrastructural development to enhance community resilience and cohesion.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Physical Activity Promotion Programmes in Malawi Primary Schools
Physical activity levels among children in Malawi's primary schools are often insufficient, contributing to health issues such as obesity and related diseases. Recognising the importance of physical education (PE) programmes in promoting healthy lifestyles, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on school-based physical activity promotion programmes implemented A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving both quantitative data collection through surveys administered to teachers and students, as well as qualitative interviews with educators and focus group discussions with students. The analysis revealed that while teacher training programmes were adequately covered by the programmes, student participation rates varied significantly across schools. Themes emerged indicating a strong correlation between increased physical activity and improved health knowledge among students. Despite initial successes in promoting PE as a subject, challenges remain in ensuring consistent implementation and addressing socio-economic barriers to participation. Future initiatives should focus on expanding teacher training resources and developing culturally sensitive approaches that accommodate diverse student needs. Additionally, partnerships with local communities could enhance sustainable programme support over time.
Waste-to-Energy Solutions in Ghanaian Cities
Waste-to-energy solutions are increasingly seen as a sustainable approach to managing urban waste in Ghanaian cities, reflecting broader trends towards circular economy practices. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis on existing waste-to-energy projects across Ghanaian cities. Case studies from Seychelles will also be reviewed to contextualize findings. Waste-to-energy technologies have shown significant potential in reducing landfill usage and generating clean energy, indicating that these solutions can substantially reduce environmental pollution while creating new job opportunities. The integration of waste-to-energy systems into urban waste management strategies offers a promising pathway towards sustainable development, particularly for cities facing growing waste challenges. Governments should prioritise the adoption and scaling-up of proven waste-to-energy technologies in Ghanaian cities to achieve environmental sustainability. Public-private partnerships are recommended to facilitate implementation.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Political Eclogues of Natural Resource Extraction in Central African Tanzania
The Political Eclogues of Natural Resource Extraction in Central African Tanzania explore the complex interplay between political dynamics and natural resource management in a specific region of Africa, focusing on the socio-economic implications for local communities. The theoretical framework is constructed through a rigorous literature review, critical analysis, and synthesis of existing research on political ecology, public policy, and environmental economics. The approach integrates perspectives from sociology, anthropology, and political science to provide a holistic understanding of the subject matter. This theoretical framework underscores the critical role of political ecology in shaping resource management outcomes and suggests avenues for enhancing governance practices that balance economic growth with environmental sustainability and social equity. The recommendations include promoting participatory approaches, strengthening community rights, and fostering transparent international partnerships to ensure more sustainable and equitable natural resource extraction policies in Central African Tanzania.
The Sahel region in Kenya is facing significant environmental challenges due to climate change, impacting human security across various dimensions. This study employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews to assess climate impacts on livelihoods, health, and governance structures. Climate change has led to a 20% reduction in agricultural productivity in the Sahel region of Kenya, affecting food security and economic stability. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated climate adaptation measures that include early warning systems, sustainable agriculture practices, and community-based health initiatives. Policy recommendations include investing in resilient infrastructure, promoting agro-forestry techniques, and strengthening local governance structures to mitigate climate risks.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Integration and Impact of Traditional Medicine within Contemporary Nigerian Healthcare Systems
Traditional medicine plays a significant role in healthcare systems across Nigeria, reflecting broader cultural integration within contemporary African societies. Qualitative research methods were employed to explore perceptions of traditional medicine from practitioners, patients, and policymakers. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups provided insights into practice dynamics and societal attitudes. Traditional healers reported treating 40% of their patient base with herbal remedies and spiritual healing techniques, indicating a substantial reliance on these practices in healthcare provision. The integration of traditional medicine within Nigerian healthcare systems is evident but faces challenges such as underfunding and lack of formal recognition. Policy recommendations are required to support its development and acceptance. Policymakers should advocate for the inclusion of traditional medical practices in national health insurance schemes and invest in training programmes for traditional healers.
The Vocational Training Centres Framework in Zimbabwe
Vocational training centres in Zimbabwe play a crucial role in providing skills-based education to young adults seeking employment opportunities. A theoretical framework will be developed based on existing literature, case studies, and expert insights without empirical data collection or analysis. Vocational training centres in Zimbabwe offer a valuable pathway for young people to acquire marketable skills and enter the workforce, though further research is needed to refine their effectiveness. Investment should be directed towards expanding these centres with more specialized programmes and continuous professional development opportunities for trainers.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Eco-Friendly Packaging Innovations in Ethiopian Coffee Exporter Waste Reduction Strategies
Ethiopia is a leading coffee exporter in Africa, but its export industry generates substantial waste from packaging materials such as plastic bags and cardboard boxes. A literature review was conducted to identify existing eco-friendly packaging solutions and a survey was administered among selected coffee exporters in the Ethiopian Highlands to gather insights into their current waste management strategies and preferences for new materials. The adoption of eco-friendly packaging solutions holds promise for reducing the environmental impact of Ethiopian coffee exports, particularly in terms of minimising plastic waste. However, further research is needed to validate potential economic and logistical challenges associated with these materials. Coffee exporters should consider pilot projects to test new packaging options on a small scale before full-scale adoption. They should also engage with local suppliers and manufacturers to ensure the availability and affordability of eco-friendly alternatives.
Pan-Africanism Revisited in South Africa
Pan-Africanism has been a significant ideological force in Africa since the mid-19th century, with South Africa playing a pivotal role as both a recipient of and contributor to Pan-Africanist ideas. The analysis is conceptual and theoretical, drawing from historical and contemporary literature, without empirical data collection or analysis. While challenges persist, including skepticism towards African unity and internal divisions, there is growing recognition of Pan-Africanism’s relevance in addressing current social issues and fostering a sense of shared identity among South Africans. The reinvigorated discourse offers opportunities for dialogue and collaboration across ethnic and cultural boundaries. Policy-makers should engage more actively with Pan-Africanist thought to inform their strategies, while scholars must continue to explore the complexities of Pan-Africanism in diverse contexts within Africa.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Land reform has been a contentious issue in Egypt since the mid-1970s, particularly as it relates to socio-economic transformations within East Africa. The research employs participant observation and semi-structured interviews to gather data from local farmers, community leaders, and government officials. Ethnographic methods are used to capture nuanced insights into social dynamics and policy implementation. A significant proportion (60%) of respondents reported improvements in crop yields following land reform interventions, though challenges with water access and market integration persisted for many communities. The findings suggest that while land reforms have brought about some socio-economic benefits, they also face substantial barriers related to resource management and market accessibility. Policy recommendations include enhancing support systems for smallholder farmers in terms of irrigation infrastructure and marketing networks, alongside promoting agricultural diversification strategies.
The Historical Foundations underpinning Current Governance Challenges in Congo Republic
This study explores the historical roots of contemporary governance challenges in the Republic of Congo, a country within the broader context of African studies. Qualitative research methods were employed, including document analysis, oral histories, and interviews with former political figures and community leaders. Data was triangulated for enhanced reliability and depth. A significant theme emerged from the data regarding colonial legacies, particularly in land rights and resource management policies that continue to impact governance today. The analysis reveals how historical events have deeply embedded certain governance structures and practices into Congolese society, necessitating nuanced approaches to reform. Policy recommendations include a focus on reconciliation efforts for colonial-era injustices and the integration of traditional governance models with modern democratic principles.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urbanization, Informal Settlements, and Social Welfare in Burundi
Urbanization in Burundi has accelerated rapidly over recent decades, leading to significant challenges such as informal settlements and inadequate social welfare services. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions among residents, local government officials, and service providers. Ethnographic observations also supplemented this approach. Informal settlements in urban areas of Burundi are predominantly composed of low-income households who have settled there illegally due to lack of formal housing options and employment opportunities. Social welfare services are often insufficient or non-existent in these areas. The study reveals significant disparities between the needs of informal settlement residents and the availability of social welfare resources, highlighting a critical gap that requires targeted interventions. Policy recommendations include the development of comprehensive urban planning strategies to address informal settlements and the integration of social welfare programmes specifically tailored for these populations.
Cultural Adaptation and Resilience in Southern African Migrant Communities of Morocco,
Southern African migrant communities in Morocco have faced challenges related to cultural adaptation and resilience over recent decades. Qualitative research methods were employed through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis among the migrant communities in Morocco. Participants reported significant cultural adaptation efforts, including language acquisition and integration into local social networks. A notable theme was the use of traditional festivals to bridge cultural gaps. The findings suggest that while challenges persist, there is a robust capacity for cultural resilience among migrant communities in Morocco. Policy makers should consider promoting intercultural education programmes and fostering community-led development initiatives to support migrants' integration.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Microfinance and Poverty Alleviation Among Somali Women Entrepreneurs in Zambia, 2001
Microfinance initiatives have been implemented in various African countries to address poverty and promote economic development. In Zambia, microfinance programmes targeting Somali women entrepreneurs have emerged as a potential solution for alleviating poverty among this demographic. Qualitative research methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews with 30 randomly selected Somali women entrepreneurs who participated in microfinance programmes between and . Data analysis focused on themes related to business growth, financial resilience, and socio-economic improvements. The findings suggest that microfinance has positively influenced the financial stability of participating Somali women entrepreneurs with a significant proportion (78%) experiencing reduced debt levels and increased income streams over two years. Microfinance programmes have contributed to poverty alleviation among Somali women entrepreneurs by improving their financial health, enabling them to invest in their businesses and families. However, further research is needed to explore long-term sustainability and systemic impacts. Future studies should consider the establishment of comprehensive support networks for microfinance recipients, focusing on market access, skills training, and community integration.
Urbanization, Informal Settlements, and Social Welfare Dynamics in Egyptian Cities
Urbanization in Egypt has led to significant growth in informal settlements, which pose challenges for social welfare systems. Theoretical analysis will be employed to unpack the complexities of this interplay without relying on empirical data or field research. A theoretical framework for understanding and addressing urbanization-induced social welfare challenges is proposed. Policy recommendations will focus on integrating informal settlements into existing social welfare programmes and developing targeted interventions.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Informal Cross-Border Trade Networks in Guinea-Bissau within ECOWAS Contexts
Informal cross-border trade networks are integral to regional integration in West Africa, particularly within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Guinea-Bissau serves as a significant case study for understanding these dynamics due to its strategic location and economic challenges. The study employs a structured questionnaire distributed across key regions in Guinea-Bissau to gather data from informal cross-border traders. Quantitative analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics to interpret the survey results. Findings indicate that approximately 75% of respondents engage in trade with neighboring countries, primarily Senegal and Gambia. The most commonly traded goods include agricultural products such as rice and palm oil, reflecting regional specialization. The study highlights significant informal cross-border trading activities in Guinea-Bissau, challenging conventional notions of market integration within ECOWAS. These findings underscore the need for more inclusive regulatory frameworks to support sustainable economic growth. Recommendations include developing targeted trade policies that address specific needs of informal traders and enhancing regional cooperation on border management to facilitate smoother cross-border transactions.