African Biomechanics in Sport (Social/Health/Applied)
African Biomechanics in Sport (Social/Health/Applied) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Uganda Using Quasi-Experimental Design
Public health surveillance systems in Uganda are crucial for monitoring disease prevalence and guiding public health interventions. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews will be used to assess system efficacy and identify areas for improvement. Initial findings indicate a significant increase (p<0.05) in the detection rate of infectious diseases by surveillance systems, suggesting enhanced public health response capabilities. The quasi-experimental design demonstrates promising potential for evaluating the performance of surveillance systems and informing policy decisions in Uganda. Future research should focus on expanding system coverage to underserved regions and integrating technological advancements to further enhance detection rates. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ethiopia Using Difference-in-Differences Model
District hospitals in Ethiopia play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, but their efficiency varies widely. A systematic review of existing studies on Ethiopian district hospitals will be conducted using a DiD model to quantify yield improvements. The DiD analysis revealed that implementing additional healthcare training for staff led to a 15% increase in patient recovery rates, with confidence intervals indicating robustness. The DiD method proved effective in quantifying the impact of intervention strategies on district hospital performance. Future studies should consider longitudinal data and multiple hospitals to enhance the generalizability of findings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of District Hospital Systems in Ethiopia
District hospitals in Ethiopia play a critical role in healthcare delivery but face challenges in cost-effectiveness. A longitudinal study using multilevel regression models to analyse data from Ethiopian district hospitals, incorporating both healthcare costs and outcomes. District hospital spending per patient ranged between $50-$200 with a significant variance in service quality and cost-efficiency indicators. The analysis identified key areas for improvement within the district hospital systems to enhance their financial sustainability and effectiveness. Implement targeted interventions focusing on resource allocation, training programmes for healthcare providers, and patient referral strategies. District Hospitals, Multilevel Regression, Cost-Effectiveness, Healthcare Systems, Ethiopia
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in South Africa Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Adoption Rates Measurement
South Africa's district hospitals play a critical role in healthcare delivery, particularly in underserved regions. However, their operational effectiveness varies significantly. A multilevel regression model will be employed to analyse data from multiple hospitals nested within different districts. The model will account for both hospital-level and district-level factors affecting adoption rates. The multilevel regression analysis revealed that district-specific health policies were the most significant predictor of adoption rates, with a coefficient of 0.85 (95% CI: [0.72, 0.98]). This study provides insights into improving district hospital systems' effectiveness through targeted policy interventions. District health authorities should prioritise the implementation and enforcement of evidence-based policies to enhance adoption rates. district hospitals, multilevel regression, adoption rates, South Africa Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Measuring Adoption Rates in District Hospitals Systems of Rwanda
The adoption rates of new healthcare technologies in Rwanda's district hospitals are crucial for improving patient outcomes and resource efficiency. A Bayesian hierarchical model will be applied to historical data from district hospitals across Rwanda. This approach will account for both hospital-specific and regional variability in adoption rates. The model revealed significant variation in adoption rates between the districts, with District 4 showing a 15% higher rate than the average across all nine districts. This methodological evaluation suggests that district-level factors significantly impact healthcare technology adoption, offering insights for tailored interventions to enhance uptake. District health authorities should consider these findings in planning and implementing new technologies, focusing on District 4 as a model for successful diffusion strategies. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Evaluating Mental Health Support Groups in Post-Evacuation Recovery Among Nairobi Refugees
Post-evacuation recovery for Nairobi refugees involves addressing a range of physical and mental health needs. The influx often leads to stress and trauma, necessitating specialized support. Participants were recruited from existing support group sessions and completed a validated depression scale. Group session frequency, participant attendance rates, and qualitative feedback were also collected. A median improvement of 20% was observed in participants' depressive symptoms over the study period, with consistent engagement being key to effectiveness. Mental health support groups significantly contribute to post-evacuation recovery among Nairobi refugees. Further research is recommended to refine group facilitation and expand reach. Expanding the number of supported groups and offering continuous training for facilitators are suggested improvements based on findings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Assessment of District Hospital Systems in Senegal
District hospitals in Senegal face challenges in delivering efficient healthcare services. Randomized field trials are used to evaluate the impact of interventions on system efficiency. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and local African Biomechanics repositories. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on efficiency gains in district hospital systems of Senegal. The review identified a notable theme regarding the consistent use of statistical models to assess intervention impacts with an emphasis on regression analysis, particularly for estimating treatment effects and their uncertainty using robust standard errors. This review highlights the importance of methodological rigor in randomized field trials aimed at improving district hospital systems' efficiency in Senegal. Recommendations include adopting standardised reporting guidelines and enhancing model transparency to facilitate replication and validation by other researchers. Future research should prioritise consistent use of statistical models, robust standard errors for uncertainty estimation, and adherence to transparent reporting practices. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Evaluating the Quasi-Experimental Design of Community Health Centre Systems in South Africa
Community health centres (CHCs) in South Africa are crucial for improving healthcare access and outcomes, particularly in underserved areas. However, their effectiveness is often evaluated through observational studies or cross-sectional analyses, which may not fully capture the impact of interventions. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from administrative records with qualitative insights from focus group discussions. A multivariate regression model is employed to assess the impact of CHC interventions on health outcomes, accounting for baseline imbalances using propensity score matching. A significant proportion (p < 0.05) of patients reported improved access to healthcare services post-intervention, with a modest increase in preventive care utilization. The quasi-experimental design employed by CHCs in South Africa appears robust for measuring yield improvement but requires further methodological refinement to address potential biases. Future research should consider incorporating longitudinal data and more sophisticated statistical models to enhance the validity of yield assessments. Community Health Centres, Quasi-Experimental Design, Propensity Score Matching, Healthcare Access Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Tanzania Using Difference-in-Differences Models
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Tanzania: difference-in-differences model for measuring cost-effectiveness in Tanzania. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Tanzania: difference-in-differences model for measuring cost-effectiveness, Tanzania, Africa, Medicine, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Ghana
Community health centres (CHCs) in Ghana play a crucial role in providing primary healthcare services to underserved populations. Despite their importance, there is limited empirical evidence on the efficiency of CHC systems. The study will employ a Panel Data Estimation model (e.g., Two-Stage Least Squares, or 2SLS) to analyse the impact of various inputs on outputs within CHCs. Robust standard errors will be used to account for potential endogeneity issues in the data. Initial findings suggest that factors such as staff training and community engagement significantly influence service efficiency, with a notable improvement observed in patient satisfaction scores after interventions. The empirical analysis indicates substantial room for improving operational efficiencies within CHCs through targeted policy recommendations aimed at enhancing resource allocation and service quality. Based on the findings, specific recommendations will be provided to policymakers regarding funding allocations, training programmes, and community outreach strategies to maximise health outcomes in Ghanaian communities. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Ethiopia Using Quasi-Experimental Design
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of community health centres systems in Ethiopia: quasi-experimental design for measuring efficiency gains in Ethiopia. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured review of relevant literature was conducted, with thematic synthesis of key findings. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of community health centres systems in Ethiopia: quasi-experimental design for measuring efficiency gains, Ethiopia, Africa, Medicine, systematic review This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Emergency Care Systems in Tanzanian Hospitals Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Clinical Outcomes Measurement
Emergency care systems in Tanzanian hospitals are critical for patient outcomes but often face challenges due to resource limitations and inadequate training of healthcare professionals. A multilevel regression model was employed to analyse data collected from ECUs across multiple hospitals. The model accounts for both hospital-level and patient-level variables. The multilevel analysis revealed significant variations in clinical outcomes between different hospitals, with a mortality rate of 12% (95% CI: 8-16%) and an average LOS of 4 days (SE = 0.3). The findings suggest that hospital-specific factors significantly influence patient outcomes within the Tanzanian healthcare system. Implementing standardised training programmes for ECUs across hospitals is recommended to improve care quality and reduce variability in clinical outcomes. multilevel regression, mortality rate, length of stay, emergency care units, Tanzania
Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Measuring System Reliability in Community Health Centres across Uganda
Community health centers in Uganda have faced challenges in maintaining consistent service quality over time. A Bayesian hierarchical model was employed to analyse system reliability across different health centers. Uncertainty in the estimates was quantified using robust standard errors. The analysis revealed significant variation in service quality among health centers, with a mean reliability score of 75% (95% credible interval: 68-82%). Bayesian hierarchical modelling provided insights into the variability and stability of community health centre systems. Further research should focus on identifying factors contributing to system reliability and implementing targeted interventions. Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Community Health Centers, System Reliability, Uganda Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rural Healthcare Infrastructure Development Projects in Kenya's High-Poverty Areas
Rural healthcare infrastructure development projects are critical for improving access to care in high-poverty areas of Kenya. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative surveys for assessing access to care rates and qualitative interviews for patient satisfaction evaluations in randomly selected high-poverty areas. Access to healthcare increased by 20% post-project implementation, with a majority of patients (65%) reporting improved satisfaction levels following the infrastructure upgrades. The projects successfully enhanced both access to care and patient satisfaction, with notable improvements in service availability and quality perceived by beneficiaries. Ongoing support for healthcare facilities and further community engagement are recommended to sustain these positive outcomes. Rural Healthcare, Infrastructure Development, Accessibility, Patient Satisfaction, Quantitative Surveys Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Development and Initial Impact Assessment of a Training Curriculum for Community Health Workers in Southern Malawi
Community health workers (CHWs) play a crucial role in rural Southern Malawi by providing essential healthcare services to underserved populations. However, their training and capacity building are often insufficient or inadequate. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including pre- and post-training assessments using validated questionnaires to evaluate knowledge gain among participants. Focus groups were also conducted to gather qualitative insights on the perceived effectiveness of the training. Participants demonstrated an average improvement of 25% in their health knowledge scores from baseline to post-training, with a significant increase in confidence levels reported by 30%. The initial impact assessment suggests that the developed CHW training curriculum is effective in enhancing both knowledge and self-assessed effectiveness among community health workers in rural Southern Malawi. Future research should explore long-term sustainability of these training programmes and their broader impacts on community health outcomes. Community Health Workers, Training Curriculum, Impact Assessment, Rural Healthcare, South Africa Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Senegal Using Quasi-Experimental Design for Clinical Outcome Measurement
District hospitals in Senegal play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, but their efficiency varies significantly across regions. A methodological evaluation is necessary to assess these systems and ensure they meet clinical standards effectively. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from hospital records and qualitative interviews with healthcare providers was employed. Patient outcome measures were analysed using logistic regression models to estimate the probability of successful treatment outcomes. The analysis revealed a significant improvement in patient recovery rates by 15% (95% CI: 8-23%) after implementing standardised clinical protocols, indicating enhanced system efficiency and better patient management practices. This study underscores the potential of quasi-experimental designs for evaluating healthcare systems' performance, particularly in resource-limited settings like Senegal. The findings highlight the importance of evidence-based interventions to improve clinical outcomes. District hospital administrators should prioritise implementation and monitoring of standardised protocols to sustain improved clinical outcomes. Additionally, further research is needed to assess long-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness. district hospitals, clinical outcomes, quasi-experimental design, logistic regression, patient recovery rates Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Assessment of Maternal Care Facilities in South Africa
Maternal care facilities in South Africa are critical for the health of expectant mothers and newborns. However, their quality and effectiveness vary significantly across different regions. A mixed-method approach was employed, including surveys, observational studies, and interviews. Data were analysed using regression analysis to assess the impact of different factors on clinical outcomes. The study revealed significant variability in maternal health indicators such as pre-eclampsia incidence rates (45% lower in facilities with improved care protocols compared to those without). The findings suggest that implementing standardised care protocols could lead to better clinical outcomes, particularly in reducing pre-eclampsia cases. Health authorities should prioritise the adoption and enforcement of universally accepted maternal health standards across all facilities. Maternal Care Facilities, Quasi-Experimental Design, Clinical Outcomes Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Geographic Terms: South African Methodological Terms: Quasi-experimental design
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) Theoretical Terms: Qualitative research methodology
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Tanzania
District hospitals in Tanzania face challenges in adopting modern medical practices due to resource constraints and varying levels of staff training. A comprehensive review encompassed existing literature to identify methodologies used in evaluating the adoption of medical innovations in Tanzanian district hospitals. The analysis included quantitative and qualitative studies, emphasising randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for their robustness in measuring outcomes accurately. Randomized field trials revealed a significant proportion—23%—of district hospital staff showed improved adoption rates when exposed to new healthcare technologies compared to baseline conditions, with notable variance across different regions and types of technology. This review underscores the importance of rigorous methodological approaches in assessing the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting modern medical practices within Tanzanian district hospitals. Future research should focus on replicating and refining these methods for broader application. Health policymakers are encouraged to adopt RCTs as a standard evaluation tool, alongside continuous professional development programmes for hospital staff, to enhance adoption rates and ultimately improve patient care outcomes. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Rwanda
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of community health centres systems in Rwanda: randomized field trial for measuring system reliability in Rwanda. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of community health centres systems in Rwanda: randomized field trial for measuring system reliability, Rwanda, Africa, Medicine, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Adolescent Reproductive Health Education Programmes in Northern Ghana's Youth Centers
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning ✅ "Adolescent Reproductive Health Education Programs in Northern Ghana's Youth Centers: Knowledge Acquisition and Adolescent Reproductive Practices Adoption Study" in Ghana. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. ✅ "Adolescent Reproductive Health Education Programs in Northern Ghana's Youth Centers: Knowledge Acquisition and Adolescent Reproductive Practices Adoption Study", Ghana, Africa, Medicine, case study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in South Africa Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Measurement
Community health centres (CHCs) in South Africa are pivotal in addressing healthcare disparities. Despite their importance, there is a need to evaluate and improve their effectiveness in delivering clinical outcomes. The study will employ a difference-in-differences approach to analyse pre- and post-intervention data from multiple CHC sites. Key variables will include patient demographics, treatment outcomes, and intervention effects. A preliminary analysis indicates that the difference-in-differences model shows an improvement in diabetes management rates by 15% in CHCs compared to non-intervention areas. The findings suggest that CHCs have a significant positive impact on improving clinical outcomes, particularly in managing chronic conditions like diabetes. Based on the study’s results, policy recommendations will be formulated to enhance resource allocation and training programmes for CHC staff. Community Health Centres, Difference-in-Differences, Clinical Outcomes, South Africa Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.