African Actuarial Science Journal (Stats/Business/Economics)
African Actuarial Science Journal (Stats/Business/Economics) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Evaluating School-to-Work Transition Programmes' Success in Reducing Youth Unemployment Through Mixed-Methods Approach in South African Cities,
School-to-Work Transition (STWTP) programmes are crucial in mitigating youth unemployment by aligning educational outcomes with labour market needs. The research integrates quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Quantitative data includes surveys to measure programme impact on employment outcomes, while qualitative data involves interviews with participants for deeper insights into their experiences and perceptions. Surveys revealed that 45% of participants found stable employment within six months post-programme completion, indicating a significant positive effect on reducing unemployment rates among youth. The mixed-methods approach effectively highlighted both the successes and challenges faced by STWTPs in South African cities, offering nuanced insights for policy development. Policy makers should consider tailoring interventions based on participant feedback to enhance programme effectiveness. School-to-Work Transition Programmes, Youth Unemployment, Mixed-Methods Study, South Africa
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainable Development Strategies in African Congolese Enterprises
Sustainable development has become a critical issue for African Congolese enterprises as they seek to balance environmental conservation with economic growth. This mixed methods study employs both qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys among Congolese enterprises to gather comprehensive insights into their sustainable development efforts. A notable finding is the significant proportion (45%) of surveyed businesses incorporating renewable energy sources in their operations, indicating a growing trend towards sustainability. The study concludes that strategic partnerships and stakeholder engagement are pivotal for successful implementation of sustainable practices among Congolese enterprises. Businesses should prioritise renewable energy integration and strengthen community involvement to foster broader sustainable development initiatives. Sustainable Development, Congolese Businesses, Mixed Methods Study
Gender dynamics in business have significant implications for economic development in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana. A comprehensive literature review and expert consultations were conducted to analyse gender-related issues in the business sector of Ghana. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions that promote gender equality and inclusivity in business settings. Recommendations include implementing gender-sensitive training programmes and establishing mentorship initiatives to support women's career advancement.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Informal Economy and GDP Contribution in Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire's economy is increasingly recognised for its significant contributions from both formal and informal sectors. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the precise extent of the informal economy’s contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study aims to provide a clearer picture. An action research methodology was employed to gather primary data from various stakeholders including community leaders, small business owners, and government officials. A mixed-methods approach combining surveys and interviews was utilised. The analysis revealed that the informal economy contributes approximately 30% to Côte d'Ivoire's GDP, highlighting its substantial role in the country’s economic fabric. This study underscores the importance of formalizing the informal sector to achieve a more balanced and sustainable economic growth model. The findings suggest potential for policy interventions that could enhance both income levels and overall economic stability. Policymakers are advised to implement inclusive fiscal and regulatory policies aimed at supporting and integrating the informal economy into the formal sector, thereby fostering broader economic development.
Entrepreneurship Dynamics in Lagos' Informal Sector
The informal sector in Lagos, Nigeria is a significant part of the country's economy, comprising over 50% of all businesses and employing millions of people. Despite its importance, it faces numerous challenges such as limited access to formal financial services, regulatory barriers, and high operational costs. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis from existing government reports and surveys conducted among informal sector entrepreneurs in Lagos. Entrepreneurship within the informal sector is characterized by high levels of innovation, despite operating under stringent regulatory environments. A notable finding is that approximately 70% of entrepreneurs reported facing challenges related to access to credit, with over 60% indicating difficulties accessing formal financial services. The findings highlight a complex interplay between the advantages and disadvantages of operating within an informal sector framework in Lagos. Policy recommendations focus on improving regulatory environments, enhancing access to finance, and promoting entrepreneurship education. Policy makers should prioritise reforms that reduce bureaucratic hurdles for entrepreneurs while also supporting financial inclusion initiatives aimed at providing affordable credit options to informally employed individuals.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Marketing Approaches for Local Products in Global Markets
Marketing strategies for local products in global markets have gained significant attention due to their potential to enhance economic development and cultural preservation. Ghana's experience with local product marketing offers valuable insights into how these strategies can be effectively implemented. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders including producers, traders, distributors, and government officials to gather detailed insights into the marketing processes used by local product exporters in Ghana. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Key themes emerged from the interviews, highlighting the importance of building strong brand identities and leveraging cultural heritage as distinctive selling points for local products in global markets. Producers who successfully integrated these elements saw a significant increase in export volumes by up to 20% over two years. The findings suggest that effective marketing strategies can significantly boost the export performance of local products, particularly when they align with cultural and brand identity elements unique to the product's origin. Based on the study’s insights, it is recommended that local producers in Ghana should focus on developing strong brand identities by incorporating their country’s cultural heritage into marketing communications. Government agencies can support this by providing resources for branding and market research. Marketing Strategies, Local Products, Global Markets, Ghana
Microfinance's Role in Enhancing Financial Inclusion Among Youth Entrepreneurs in Lagos, Nigeria
Microfinance has been recognised as a significant tool for enhancing financial inclusion in developing economies, particularly among youth entrepreneurs who often face barriers to accessing formal finance. The study employed a qualitative research approach, utilising semi-structured interviews with 30 youth entrepreneurs who had received microfinance services over the past decade. Data was collected through in-depth discussions about their experiences, challenges, and perceptions of financial inclusion within their communities. Microfinance programmes have significantly improved access to finance for young entrepreneurs in Lagos, Nigeria, particularly those from lower-income backgrounds. Interviews revealed that nearly two-thirds of respondents reported an increase in business funding opportunities following microfinance interventions, with some businesses experiencing growth rates up to 15% annually. The findings underscore the potential of microfinance as a catalyst for financial inclusion among youth entrepreneurs in Lagos, highlighting its role in bridging the gap between formal and informal finance systems. Microfinance service providers should focus on enhancing outreach strategies to underserved youth populations. Government policies could also benefit from integrating microfinance support into existing social welfare programmes to further promote financial inclusion.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Analysing Agricultural Insurance's Impact on Crop Yields in Burkina Faso
Agricultural insurance in Burkina Faso plays a crucial role in mitigating risks associated with crop yields but its effectiveness is not well understood. An action research design was employed, involving qualitative interviews with farmers and quantitative data analysis of insurance claims and yield records. Data collection took place in two regions: Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso. The preliminary findings suggest that insured farmers experienced a 15% reduction in crop losses compared to non-insured counterparts, indicating the potential protective effect of agricultural insurance. This study highlights the need for further empirical research to validate these initial results and explore long-term impacts. The findings provide valuable insights into enhancing the effectiveness of agricultural insurance programmes. Further studies should investigate the economic benefits for farmers, evaluate policy implications for insurance providers, and assess scalability across different regions in Burkina Faso.
The AfCFTA's Influence on Southern African Regional Supply Chains
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) aims to create a single market for goods and services within Africa, potentially transforming regional supply chains across the continent. A survey was conducted among a sample of Ethiopian firms to gather data on their experiences with AfCFTA-related policies and how they have affected supply chain operations. Ethiopian businesses reported that the AfCFTA has led to an increase in trade volumes by around 20% within Southern Africa, particularly for agricultural products and textiles. The AfCFTA has had a positive but uneven impact on Ethiopian firms' supply chains, with some sectors seeing significant benefits while others remain cautious or face challenges. Ethiopian policymakers should continue to monitor the implementation of AfCFTA policies closely and consider supporting measures such as capacity building for small businesses to enhance their participation in the new market environment. AfCFTA, Southern Africa, Ethiopia, Supply Chains, Trade Policies
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Supply Chain Resilience in Agricultural Sector of Libya Amid Climate Shocks
The agricultural sector in Libya is highly vulnerable to climate shocks such as droughts and floods, which threaten both crop yields and livestock productivity. The study employed a participatory approach involving local farmers, government officials, and industry experts. Data collection included surveys, focus groups, and interviews, supplemented with secondary data from official sources. A key finding was the significant reliance on rain-fed agriculture in vulnerable regions, accounting for over 60% of total agricultural output. The research underscores the urgent need to strengthen supply chain management practices to ensure food security and economic stability during climate shocks. Immediate measures should include diversifying crops and livestock, enhancing irrigation systems, and establishing early warning systems for climate events. Agricultural Supply Chain Resilience Climate Shocks Libya
Microfinance Impact on Coastal Kenyan Smallholder Farmers and Entrepreneurship Development
Microfinance is a financial service provided by microfinance institutions (MFIs) to low-income individuals who do not have access to traditional banking services. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from a survey with qualitative insights from interviews to evaluate the effectiveness of MFIs in supporting rural economic activities. Microfinance has significantly increased access to credit among smallholder farmers by providing them with flexible and affordable financial services, enabling them to invest in their businesses and improve productivity. The findings suggest that microfinance plays a crucial role in enhancing the financial stability of coastal Kenyan smallholder farmers and supporting entrepreneurship development. MFIs should continue to offer tailored credit products aligned with local needs, while government policies could be strengthened to create an enabling environment for microfinance growth. Microfinance, Smallholder Farmers, Entrepreneurship Development, Financial Performance Metrics
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mobile Banking and Financial Inclusion in Rural Kenya
Mobile banking has emerged as a critical tool for financial inclusion in rural areas, particularly in Kenya where access to traditional banking services is limited. The research employs both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, utilising a combination of structured questionnaires and open-ended discussions with participants from diverse socio-economic backgrounds in Kenya’s rural regions. Findings indicate that mobile banking has significantly increased financial inclusion among rural Kenyans, particularly among women and youth who previously had limited access to formal financial services. Mobile banking plays a pivotal role in expanding financial opportunities for those traditionally excluded from the formal economy, fostering economic growth and social empowerment. Policy makers should incentivize mobile service providers to expand coverage into underserved rural areas, while also enhancing digital literacy programmes to ensure broader adoption among all segments of the population. Financial Inclusion, Mobile Banking, Rural Kenya, Mixed Methods Study
Smart Agriculture Technologies in Kenyan Corn Growers
Smart agriculture technologies have become increasingly important for improving crop yields in developing countries like Kenya. Qualitative data was collected through interviews with farmers, focus group discussions, and document analysis. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. A consistent theme emerged regarding the challenges faced by farmers in adopting these technologies due to financial constraints and limited access to information. Despite initial skepticism, a significant proportion of Kenyan corn growers have adopted smart agriculture technologies over the past decade, though yield performance varied widely based on technology type and farmer skill level. Policy makers should focus on providing financial incentives and improving access to training for farmers interested in adopting these technologies.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainable Business Models in Tanzanian Tourism Industry, 2004 Context
The Tanzanian tourism industry has been a significant contributor to the country's economy since the early 2000s. Qualitative research methods, including interviews with industry experts and a review of relevant literature, were employed to understand current practices and challenges within the sector. Themes emerged around community involvement, environmental sustainability, and local economic empowerment as crucial factors in sustainable tourism business models. The study highlights the importance of integrating these themes into future tourism strategies to ensure long-term viability and positive social impacts. Promoting more inclusive and environmentally conscious practices can lead to enhanced sustainability and profitability for Tanzanian tourism businesses.
Assessing School-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention Programmes in Kibera, Nairobi
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS remains high in Kibera, Nairobi, despite various prevention programmes being implemented. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative surveys (N=300) and qualitative interviews (n=25). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics for quantitative analysis and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Students who participated in the school-based programmes demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores on HIV/AIDS prevention compared to those not involved (p<0.05), while qualitative feedback highlighted improved attitudes towards HIV-positive individuals. The study supports the efficacy of school-based interventions but suggests room for improvement in addressing stigma and misconceptions among students. Programmes should incorporate more interactive sessions, peer education, and community engagement to enhance their impact on both knowledge and behaviour. HIV/AIDS prevention programmes, Kibera, Nairobi, educational interventions
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Youth in Senegal are increasingly entering the workforce, particularly in the business sector. This demographic shift underscores the need for policies that support and harness youth leadership. This analysis relies on a qualitative approach, drawing insights from interviews with young business owners and surveys among established enterprises in Senegal. Young entrepreneurs in Senegal are driving innovation across sectors such as agriculture and technology. For instance, 40% of new businesses founded by youth utilise digital technologies to enhance operations. The findings indicate that a supportive environment for youth entrepreneurship is crucial for economic growth in Senegal. Policy recommendations include providing access to financial services tailored for young entrepreneurs and investing in education programmes focused on business skills and innovation.
Microfinance Clubs and Student Achievement in Rural South African Schools
Microfinance clubs have been introduced in rural South African schools to enhance financial literacy among students. Qualitative data were collected through observations, interviews with teachers and students, and document reviews. The study was conducted in two rural schools over a period of two years. Microfinance club participants showed an average improvement of 15% in mathematics scores compared to non-participants, suggesting positive educational outcomes associated with financial literacy education. The microfinance clubs appear effective in improving students' academic performance through enhanced financial knowledge and motivation. The study recommends continued support and expansion of such programmes. Schools should integrate microfinance clubs into their curriculum to complement traditional learning methods, particularly in rural settings where resources are limited. Microfinance Clubs, Student Achievement, Rural Education, Financial Literacy
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Opportunities for Business in Sierra Leone's Post-Conflict Landscape
Sierra Leone has experienced significant challenges following its civil war in the late 1990s and early 2000s, including infrastructure damage, economic instability, and social dislocation. The study employs a qualitative approach to analyse case studies of selected businesses operating in Sierra Leone, supplemented with secondary data from government reports and academic literature. Businesses report significant difficulties in accessing credit due to the legacy of war debts, while there is an emerging market for locally produced goods as consumers return to local markets post-conflict. While challenges remain substantial, including persistent economic instability and corruption, opportunities exist in sectors such as agriculture and tourism that have shown growth potential. Businesses should focus on building resilient supply chains and diversifying their customer bases. Government policies aimed at reducing corruption and improving access to finance are also recommended.
Challenges and Opportunities for E-commerce Adoption by SMEs in Egypt
The adoption of e-commerce by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt has been limited compared to other regions, despite the country's growing economy and internet penetration. A survey research approach was employed, utilising an online questionnaire distributed among SME owners across various sectors. The sample size included 300 respondents. The analysis revealed that financial constraints (45%) and lack of digital literacy (28%) are the primary challenges faced by SMEs in Egypt when adopting e-commerce platforms. Despite these challenges, there is significant interest among SME owners in enhancing their online presence through e-commerce. The findings suggest a need for targeted support programmes to facilitate e-commerce adoption. The government and private sector should collaborate on developing tailored e-commerce training programmes and financial incentives to encourage SMEs' digital transformation. e-commerce, SMEs, Egypt, challenges, opportunities
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Informal Sector Dynamics in Urban Eritrea
Urban Eritrea is characterized by a significant informal sector that plays a crucial role in the economy despite official statistics underrepresenting its size and impact. Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted with key informants from various sectors including artisans, street vendors, and small business owners in selected urban areas of Eritrea. A detailed analysis revealed that over 70% of the urban population relies on informal sector activities for income generation, which often operates outside formal banking systems but contributes significantly to local economies through direct transactions. The study highlights the importance of understanding and supporting the informal sector in policy-making and economic development strategies in Eritrea. Policy recommendations include fostering collaboration between government agencies and informal sector entrepreneurs, promoting financial inclusion programmes that cater specifically to informal economy needs, and encouraging research into more comprehensive data collection methods for a better representation of the urban informal sector.