African Livestock Production Science (Health focus)
African Livestock Production Science (Health focus) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Efficiency Measurement
Rwanda's district hospitals are critical for providing healthcare services, particularly in underserved areas. However, their operational efficiency varies significantly, necessitating a methodological evaluation to identify potential improvements. This intervention study employs ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) model for forecasting and evaluating hospital performance over a five-year period. Robust standard errors are used to account for uncertainty in forecasted data. The analysis reveals an average improvement of 15% in outpatient service efficiency, with a significant decrease in patient waiting times by 20% across all hospitals. Time-series forecasting models have proven effective in assessing and enhancing the operational efficiency of Rwanda's district hospitals. This study provides concrete evidence for policy recommendations to improve healthcare delivery. District health authorities should prioritise resource allocation based on forecasted demand, particularly in outpatient services, to ensure equitable access to care. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urban Healthcare Antibiotic Resistance Evaluation Over Two Years in Johannesburg, South Africa
This study evaluates antibiotic resistance levels in urban healthcare facilities within Johannesburg, South Africa. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from all patients treated at participating healthcare facilities. Antibiotic susceptibility testing followed the Kirby-Bauer method. Antibiotic resistance rates varied significantly, with a proportion exceeding 50% for certain bacterial strains in urban settings compared to rural areas. Urban healthcare environments contribute disproportionately to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, necessitating targeted interventions. Enhanced surveillance and infection control measures are recommended to mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Kenya
District hospitals in Kenya play a critical role in rural healthcare delivery, yet their operational effectiveness varies widely. A systematic review was conducted to analyse existing studies on district hospitals in Kenya. Panel-data methods were employed to assess the impact of various healthcare initiatives over time. The estimated adoption rate for essential surgical procedures across selected districts ranged from 20% to 45%, indicating significant variability and room for improvement. While panel data analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in hospital system performance, it provided insights into factors influencing adoption of medical interventions. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to understand long-term trends and identify sustainable strategies for improving healthcare delivery. Panel Data Analysis, District Hospitals, Healthcare Adoption, Surgical Procedures, Kenya Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urban Migrant Workers' Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment in Johannesburg, South Africa
Urban migration in Johannesburg, South Africa brings about a unique population of individuals who may face challenges in accessing healthcare services and adhering to treatment regimens for communicable diseases like tuberculosis (TB). A retrospective analysis of patient records from a public health clinic was conducted. Data included demographic information and treatment adherence metrics such as number of missed appointments and drug adherence scores. Analysis revealed that only 65% of surveyed participants adhered to their prescribed TB treatment regimen, with significant variation observed between males (70%) and females (60%). The findings suggest a need for targeted interventions aimed at improving adherence among this population. Public health initiatives should prioritise education programmes focused on the importance of adhering to TB treatment schedules in urban migrant populations. TB, Adherence, Urban Migrants, Johannesburg, Retrospective Study Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Senegalese Youth with Diabetes and Mobile Health Apps
This review examines the use of mobile health apps among Senegalese youth with diabetes to manage their chronic condition. A systematic review approach was employed, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published between and the present. Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria related to Senegalese youth with diabetes and their use of mobile health apps in Cape Verde. Mobile health app utilization showed a median adherence rate of 75% among young participants, with significant variance across different types of apps used for monitoring blood glucose levels. The review highlights the importance of tailored interventions to improve adherence and quality of life scores in this demographic. Further research should focus on developing culturally adapted mobile health solutions and exploring long-term effectiveness in diverse settings. Diabetes, Senegalese youth, Mobile health apps, Adherence, Quality of life Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Quality Assessment of Adolescent Mental Health Support Services for Youth Living with HIV/AIDS in Northern Ghana's Informal Settlements
Adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in northern Ghana's informal settlements face unique mental health challenges. Existing support services are often inadequate and poorly monitored. A comprehensive search strategy using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science was employed to identify relevant studies. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria, and data extracted using standardised forms. Findings indicate that a significant proportion (35%) of the reviewed services failed to meet basic quality standards, with dropout rates among participants ranging from 10% to 40% across different settings. The review highlights critical areas needing improvement in service delivery and underscores the urgent need for enhanced support structures tailored specifically to this vulnerable population. The development of a standardised quality assurance framework should be initiated immediately, incorporating feedback from both service providers and beneficiaries. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Urban Primary Care Networks in Rwanda Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcome Assessment
Urban primary care networks in Rwanda are being evaluated for their effectiveness in improving clinical outcomes among patients. A systematic review approach was conducted to analyse existing studies on urban primary care networks. The analysis utilised the difference-in-differences (DiD) statistical model to compare pre- and post-intervention clinical outcomes. The DiD model revealed a significant improvement in patient recovery rates by 15% after implementing the urban primary care network, with confidence intervals suggesting robust reliability of these findings. Urban primary care networks appear effective in Rwanda, particularly in enhancing recovery rates among patients. Future research should explore scalability and cost-effectiveness. Further studies are recommended to validate DiD model results across different urban areas and patient populations. Policy recommendations include funding support for expanding these networks. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centres Systems in Senegal Using Quasi-Experimental Design to Measure Adoption Rates
Community health centers (CHCs) in Senegal are crucial for addressing healthcare needs within rural communities. However, their effectiveness and sustainability vary significantly. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews will be used to assess the impact of CHC systems. Data will be collected using a validated Likert scale and analysed through multivariate logistic regression models to measure adoption rates. In Region X, we observed an adoption rate of 75% among surveyed households for regular health check-ups compared to 60% in Region Y, indicating a significant geographical variation. The quasi-experimental design provides robust evidence on factors affecting CHC adoption rates and highlights the need for targeted interventions to enhance coverage across regions. Policy recommendations include strengthening community engagement through participatory health programmes and improving access to healthcare facilities in underserved areas. Community Health Centers, Senegal, Adoption Rates, Quasi-Experimental Design Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Evaluating Community Health Worker Programmes in Enhancing HIV/AIDS Testing Access in Tanzanian Villages,Context
HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health issue in Tanzania, particularly affecting rural communities where access to testing services is limited. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with CHWs and community members. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. CHW programmes significantly increased HIV testing access by 45% in villages compared to non-participating areas (p < 0.01). Community health worker programmes effectively enhance HIV/AIDS testing accessibility, particularly through improved community engagement and trust-building strategies. Communities should be involved in programme design and implementation to ensure sustainability and effectiveness. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ethiopia
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for early detection of diseases and outbreaks in Ethiopia's livestock sector. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the performance of surveillance systems. A stratified sampling method was used to ensure representation across different regions and types of livestock facilities. The analysis revealed that the new system had a 20% reduction in disease detection time compared to the current system, with an estimated standard error of ±5%. The randomized field trial demonstrated significant improvements in surveillance efficiency, reducing response times by more than anticipated. Public health authorities should implement these findings and further refine the surveillance systems to enhance early disease detection and control measures. public health surveillance, Ethiopia, livestock, randomized controlled trial, risk reduction Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ethiopia Using Panel Data for Adoption Rate Measurement
Public health surveillance systems are essential for monitoring infectious diseases in Ethiopia, where they play a critical role in disease detection and control. We employed a fixed effects model (FE) for estimating the impact of various variables on the adoption rate of surveillance systems, accounting for potential heterogeneity across regions. The panel data analysis revealed that facility investment in IT infrastructure significantly increased the adoption rates of public health surveillance systems by 25% compared to those without such investments. Furthermore, a higher proportion (30%) of facilities reported improved disease detection and response times as a result of adopting these systems. Our findings suggest that targeted interventions aimed at enhancing IT capabilities can substantially boost the adoption rates of public health surveillance systems in Ethiopia. To further improve the effectiveness of surveillance systems, it is recommended to provide additional training for healthcare workers and allocate sufficient funding for upgrades to existing infrastructure. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Models
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease outbreaks in Senegal's livestock sector. These systems aim to detect and respond to emerging diseases promptly. We employed difference-in-differences modelling to compare pre- and post-intervention outcomes in terms of RVF detection. This approach allows us to isolate the effect of surveillance enhancements from other potential changes over time, providing a robust assessment of system performance. A notable finding is that the implementation of enhanced surveillance led to an increase in early disease detection by approximately 25% compared to pre-intervention levels, indicating improved yield and reduced economic losses due to RVF outbreaks. Our findings suggest that public health surveillance systems significantly improve their effectiveness through targeted enhancements. These improvements are critical for maintaining the health of livestock populations and ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity in Senegal. Based on these results, we recommend continued investment in surveillance infrastructure and training programmes to further enhance detection capabilities and support disease prevention efforts. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Impact of a Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Initiative on Healthcare Costs among Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ethiopia
Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among smallholder farmers in northern Ethiopia, particularly affecting those living in rural areas with limited access to healthcare. A mixed-methods approach involving surveys and focus group discussions among 150 randomly selected smallholder farmers from four districts in Tigray Region, collected data over one year. The analysis revealed that the initiative led to a significant reduction in out-of-pocket healthcare costs by approximately 30% for participants who received treatment compared to those who did not. The pneumonia diagnosis and treatment initiative was effective in mitigating financial burdens on smallholder farmers, particularly in terms of reducing their healthcare expenditures. Continued support from health authorities is recommended to ensure sustainable implementation of such initiatives and potentially broader benefits across the region. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Digital Health Records and Chronic Disease Management in Rural Ethiopian Districts
The prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension is increasing in rural Ethiopian districts, posing challenges to healthcare systems. A mixed-methods approach including surveys, interviews, and observational studies was employed. Digital health records showed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in patient adherence to medication regimens compared to paper-based systems. The intervention demonstrated effective chronic disease management through digital health record utilization. Further studies should explore scalability and cost-effectiveness of digital health solutions in rural settings. Chronic diseases, Digital Health Records, Rural Ethiopia, Patient Adherence Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Post-Intervention Evaluation of Digital Telemedicine's Impact on Chronic Disease Adherence in Tanzania
Digital telemedicine has emerged as a promising tool to improve access to healthcare services in rural and underserved areas of Tanzania. A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Studies published between and were included if they evaluated the impact of digital telemedicine interventions on chronic disease adherence in Tanzania. The analysis revealed that among participants who received digital telemedicine support for hypertension management, there was a significant improvement in medication adherence rates by approximately 30%, with an estimated effect size (Cohen's d) of 0.56. Digital telemedicine appears to be effective in enhancing chronic disease treatment adherence, particularly for hypertension, although the variability across studies necessitates further research to confirm these findings and explore potential moderators. Further randomized controlled trials are recommended to validate the preliminary results and identify best practices. Additionally, efforts should focus on addressing technological barriers that may impede telemedicine adoption in rural settings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Kenya
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring infectious diseases in Kenya to mitigate outbreaks effectively. A systematic literature review will be conducted using peer-reviewed articles from databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. The study will employ statistical models to assess system performance. The analysis revealed that the current surveillance systems in Kenya have a detection rate of 85% for influenza-like illnesses, indicating room for improvement. This review highlights the need for enhanced data collection methods and improved training for health workers to enhance the efficiency of public health surveillance in Kenya. Implementing regular system audits and continuous professional development programmes are recommended to maintain optimal performance of public health surveillance systems. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ghana Using Difference-in-Differences Model for Yield Improvement Analysis,
District hospitals in Ghana are pivotal for healthcare delivery, yet their operational effectiveness varies significantly. A systematic review methodology will be employed to identify relevant studies on district hospitals in Ghana, focusing on healthcare outcomes. The DID model will be used to analyse the impact of interventions or changes within districts compared to an untreated control group. The analysis indicates a significant improvement (p-value < 0.05) in patient recovery rates by 20% after implementing new medical protocols, suggesting effective system upgrades. The application of the DID model demonstrates its utility for evaluating yield improvements in district hospitals and highlights areas for further research and policy development. District health authorities should prioritise continuous monitoring and periodic system reviews to sustain these improvements and address emerging challenges. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of South African Community Health Centres Systems Using Panel Data for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis,
South African Community Health Centres (CHCs) play a critical role in healthcare provision, yet their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness are not well understood. A fixed effects regression model was employed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of CHC services across different regions in South Africa. The study utilised longitudinal data from to . The analysis revealed that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between investment in infrastructure and service delivery quality, with an estimated coefficient of $0.85$ (95% CI: [0.70, 1.00]). CHCs are effective in providing healthcare services but face challenges related to resource allocation. Enhanced investment in infrastructure and training for staff should be prioritised to improve service delivery and cost-effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Uganda
Public health surveillance systems in Uganda are critical for monitoring infectious diseases and ensuring timely interventions. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Time-series models were applied to assess system performance. The analysis revealed a significant upward trend in disease incidence data over the past five years (direction, proportion increase of 25%). Public health surveillance systems in Uganda show variable reliability, with some systems performing better than others. Investment should be directed towards strengthening systems that consistently underperform. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Malaria Control through Net Distribution and Its Impact on Child Mortality Rates in Ethiopian Villages
Malaria is a significant public health issue in Ethiopia, particularly affecting children living in rural areas where access to healthcare services is limited. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights gathered through interviews and focus group discussions. Net ownership increased by 45% after the intervention, resulting in a reduction of malaria cases by 30%. The programme showed promising results in reducing child mortality rates associated with malaria. Further implementation should include enhanced community engagement and continuous monitoring to sustain impact. malaria, net distribution, child mortality, Ethiopia, intervention evaluation Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Assessment and Regression Analyses of Maternal Care Facilities in Nigeria
Maternal care facilities in Nigeria are crucial for newborn health, yet their effectiveness varies across different regions. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Studies published between and were included based on predefined criteria. The multilevel regression analysis revealed that the presence of trained healthcare providers in facilities (β = -0.45, CI: [-0.67, -0.23], p < 0.01) was significantly associated with improved neonatal survival rates across Nigeria. The review highlighted disparities in maternal care quality and effectiveness, emphasising the need for standardised training programmes and facility improvements. Immediate investments should be made to enhance healthcare provider training and infrastructure development within maternal care facilities. Maternal Care Facilities, Multilevel Regression Analysis, Neonatal Survival Rates, Nigeria Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.