Integrating Livestock and Crop Production for Enhanced Sustainability in Ugandan Agricultural Systems

Ugandan agricultural systems face challenges in balancing livestock and crop production for sustainable development. Agricultural surveys were conducted to assess current practices, followed by structured interviews with farmers to identify constraints and opportunities. Farmers reported a significant increase in crop yields (20-30%) when integrating livestock manure into their soil management systems. The integration of livestock and crops showed promise for improving farm sustainability but required tailored extension services to overcome initial resistance. Extension workers should promote the use of manure-based fertilizers, provide training on integrated farming techniques, and support farmers in accessing markets for surplus produce. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.