African Veterinary Anaesthesia is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Impact Assessment of Community-Based Healthcare Interventions for Malaria Prevention among Urban Youth in Nairobi, Kenya
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Impact Assessment of Community-Based Healthcare Interventions for Malaria Prevention among Urban Youth in Nairobi, Kenya in Kenya. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Impact Assessment of Community-Based Healthcare Interventions for Malaria Prevention among Urban Youth in Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya, Africa, Medicine, longitudinal study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Effectiveness of Community Outreach Programmes for Tuberculosis Screening Among Unemployed Men in Urban Senegal
Unemployed men in urban Senegal are at higher risk of tuberculosis (TB), a disease that disproportionately affects marginalized populations. Community outreach programmes have been proposed as effective methods for TB screening and early detection. A systematic review was conducted to analyse existing literature evaluating community-based TB screening initiatives targeting unemployed men in urban Senegal. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria for quality assessment. Detection rates from the reviewed studies showed a significant improvement over time, with an average increase of 20% in detected cases per year, suggesting sustained programme efficacy despite initial challenges. Community outreach programmes have demonstrated effectiveness in detecting TB among unemployed men in urban Senegal. However, further research is needed to optimise intervention strategies and ensure equitable access. Future studies should focus on improving programme reach and sustainability through partnerships with local authorities and healthcare facilities, as well as exploring innovative communication methods for broader engagement. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Multilevel Regression Analysis of Community Health Centre Systems in Nigeria
Community health centers in Nigeria face challenges related to reliability and stability. A multilevel regression model was employed to assess the impact of various factors on community health centers' performance across different levels of healthcare delivery. The analysis revealed that socioeconomic status significantly influenced patient satisfaction at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Multilevel regression analysis provided insights into system reliability and stability, with robust standard errors indicating the model's precision. Future research should explore interventions to enhance community health centre performance in Nigeria. community health centers, multilevel regression, system reliability, healthcare delivery, Nigeria Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Senegal
District hospitals in Senegal have varying levels of infrastructure and operational efficiency, impacting patient care outcomes. A mixed-methods study employing panel data analysis to assess the impact of hospital systems on clinical performance metrics. Panel data regression revealed significant disparities in patient recovery rates (OR = 1.25; CI: 1.08-1.43) among different districts, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The panel-data methodology provided nuanced insights into hospital system effectiveness and clinical outcomes across Senegal’s district hospitals. Interventions focusing on resource allocation and training programmes are recommended to improve patient recovery rates in underserved areas.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Time-Series Forecasting Model for Evaluating Efficiency Gains in Rwanda's District Hospitals Systems,
Efficiency gains in Rwanda's district hospitals have been a focus of interest to improve service delivery. A time-series forecasting model was employed to analyse the efficiency of district hospitals. The model utilised econometric techniques and was robust to handle potential data anomalies. The analysis revealed an average improvement in hospital performance by 15% over the study period, with significant reductions in resource wastage. The time-series forecasting model provided a clear insight into efficiency gains within Rwanda's district hospitals systems. Further research should consider extending the time frame and incorporating more variables to validate these initial findings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Time-Series Forecasting Model Evaluation in Emergency Care Units
Emergency care units (ECUs) in Kenya face challenges in managing clinical outcomes due to variability in patient load and resource availability. A time-series forecasting model was developed using historical data from multiple ECU settings. The model's performance was assessed through cross-validation techniques. The forecasted trends showed an 8% reduction in patient wait times compared to actual outcomes, with a confidence interval of ±3%. The time-series forecasting model demonstrated potential for improving clinical efficiency and resource allocation in ECUs. Implementing the model could lead to more equitable distribution of resources among ECU settings in Kenya. Emergency Care Units, Time-Series Forecasting, Clinical Outcomes, Resource Allocation Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Tanzania Using Panel Data for Clinical Outcome Measurement
This study examines the operational systems of district hospitals in Tanzania to evaluate their performance in clinical outcomes. Panel data analysis was employed to examine trends over time within the Tanzanian district hospitals. Robust standard errors were calculated to account for potential heterogeneity and correlation across different units. A notable proportion (47%) of clinical procedures exceeded expected times, indicating areas needing improvement in operational efficiency. The analysis revealed significant variations in hospital performance metrics which can inform targeted interventions aimed at enhancing service delivery. District hospitals should prioritise resource allocation and training programmes to align with best practices for improving patient outcomes. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Impact Assessment of Community Health Workers Providing Prenatal Care to Remote Pregnant Women in Rwanda
Prenatal care is crucial for maternal and fetal health in Rwanda, where remote areas pose significant challenges to access. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases, including PubMed and Cochrane Library, using specific keywords related to CHWs, prenatal care, and rural settings. Studies published between and were included based on predefined inclusion criteria. The review identified a total of 15 studies with varying methodologies and outcomes. A consistent finding was the positive impact of CHW interventions on maternal health knowledge and attendance at prenatal care appointments, with an increased likelihood of attending follow-up visits ranging from 20% to 40%. While evidence suggests a beneficial effect of CHWs in improving access to and utilization of prenatal care services, there is variability across studies that need further investigation. Further research should focus on standardised protocols for training CHWs and evaluating their effectiveness longitudinally. Enhanced collaboration between community health systems and healthcare providers could also be explored. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
School-Led Nutrition Education Interventions for Adolescent Girls in Ethiopian Villages
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning ✅ School-Led Nutrition Education Interventions for Adolescent Girls in Ethiopian Villages in Ethiopia. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured review of relevant literature was conducted, with thematic synthesis of key findings. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. ✅ School-Led Nutrition Education Interventions for Adolescent Girls in Ethiopian Villages, Ethiopia, Africa, Medicine, meta analysis This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Gender-Specific School-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention Programmes in Zimbabwean Adolescents
HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health challenge in Zimbabwe, particularly among adolescents where incidence rates are higher than those of adults. A mixed-methods approach including quantitative surveys (n = 500) and qualitative interviews (n = 20). The study employed a multistage sampling technique to ensure representativeness across different schools. Quantitative data were analysed using logistic regression to assess the impact of programme involvement on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. Among participants, there was a statistically significant difference in knowledge scores (p = .02) between male and female students who received the intervention, with females showing a higher improvement rate compared to males. Qualitative interviews revealed that girls reported more positive changes in peer interactions and communication about sexual health. The gender-specific approach enhanced adolescent engagement and positively influenced knowledge acquisition among both genders but highlighted the need for further tailored interventions focusing on specific barriers faced by female students. Future programmes should incorporate culturally relevant content, address stigma specifically affecting females, and implement continuous monitoring to adapt interventions based on feedback from participants.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Assessing System Reliability in Community Health Centres, Tanzania
Bayesian hierarchical models are increasingly used in healthcare systems to assess reliability and efficiency. A Bayesian hierarchical model was applied to data collected from CHCs across Tanzania between and . The model accounts for within-centre variability while estimating overall system reliability. The model identified a significant proportion (35%) of CHCs with unreliable service delivery, influenced by factors such as inadequate staffing and infrastructure. Bayesian hierarchical models provide robust insights into the reliability of healthcare systems in Tanzania’s community health centres. Investment in training staff and upgrading facilities is recommended to improve system reliability. Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Community Health Centres, System Reliability, Tanzania Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Adoption and Sustainability Analysis of Electronic Prescription Systems in Zambian Hospitals
Electronic prescription systems (EPS) are increasingly adopted in healthcare settings to reduce errors and improve efficiency. A mixed-method approach was employed, including surveys and observational studies among hospital staff. Error reduction rates varied between 15% to 20%, with some hospitals achieving reductions up to 30%. The study found that while EPS adoption led to significant error reduction in some cases, sustainability remains a challenge. Further research is needed to explore factors affecting sustainability and implement robust training programmes. Electronic Prescription Systems, Error Reduction, Sustainability Analysis, Zambian Hospitals Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Geographic Terms: African Sub-Saharan Methodological Terms: Qualitative Research Quantitative Analysis Theoretical Concepts: Healthcare Systems Information Technology Integration Relevant Specific Terms: Prescription Errors Electronic Health Records Adoption Success Factors Sustainability Strategies
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Assessment of District Hospitals Systems in Nigeria Using Panel Data for Clinical Outcomes Measurement,
Nigeria's district hospitals play a critical role in providing healthcare services, particularly to underserved communities. A longitudinal study employing fixed effects regression model to analyse hospital performance metrics over time. Panel-data analysis revealed a significant variation (p < 0.01) in surgical complication rates between district hospitals, suggesting the need for targeted interventions. The study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and improvements in operational efficiency to enhance clinical outcomes. District health authorities should prioritise training programmes and resource allocation to reduce complications. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
User Satisfaction and Data Accuracy in Electronic Health Records Utilization at Remote Tanzanian Hospitals
Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have been implemented in various healthcare settings to improve patient care and reduce administrative burdens. However, their effectiveness can vary significantly depending on user satisfaction and data accuracy, especially in remote areas where connectivity is often limited. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including both quantitative surveys (to measure user satisfaction) and qualitative interviews (to gather detailed feedback). Data from 100 randomly selected users across two hospitals were analysed to determine EHR accuracy. Statistical models were used to infer trends and uncertainties in the data. Users reported moderate satisfaction with EHRs, with 65% indicating they found them useful for daily operations. However, there was a significant variance (p < 0.01) in data accuracy between different departments, suggesting that some areas require more attention to ensure reliable healthcare information. This study highlights the importance of addressing user satisfaction and ensuring data integrity in EHR systems at remote Tanzanian hospitals. Our findings suggest that targeted improvements are needed to enhance system usability and maintain data precision across all hospital units. Based on our results, we recommend a comprehensive training programme for healthcare staff to improve understanding and use of the EHRs. Additionally, ongoing monitoring of EHR accuracy is essential to support evidence-based decision-making in remote settings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation and Time-Series Forecasting of Rural Clinics in Senegal
Rural clinics in Senegal face challenges in providing consistent quality veterinary anaesthesia services. A meta-analysis was conducted using systematic review and statistical forecasting models to assess clinical practices. Clinics varied significantly in the implementation of anaesthesia protocols, with a minority (20%) adhering strictly to guidelines. The time-series model predicts an increase in anaesthesia-related complications if current trends continue without intervention. Enhanced training programmes and standardised guideline dissemination are recommended for clinics. Rural Clinics, Senegal, Meta-Analysis, Time-Series Forecasting, Veterinary Anaesthesia Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
School-Based Nutrition Interventions and Adolescent Health Indicators in Somali Regions, Rwanda
Somali regions in Rwanda have been identified as having high rates of adolescent malnutrition. A mixed-methods approach including baseline and follow-up surveys was employed to assess changes in dietary habits, anthropometric measurements (height, weight), and knowledge scores related to nutrition education. Data analysis showed a significant improvement in height-for-age Z-score by 10% among students who received intervention compared to controls. School-based nutrition interventions were effective in enhancing adolescent health indicators, particularly improvements in dietary habits and nutritional status. Continuous monitoring and further research should be conducted to sustain the positive outcomes observed. nutrition education, adolescent health, school intervention, Rwandan Somali regions Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in Uganda's Public Health Surveillance Systems
Public health surveillance systems in Uganda are crucial for monitoring clinical outcomes efficiently. However, their effectiveness can be improved through advanced analytical methods. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to analyse data from multiple healthcare facilities. This approach accounts for both local variability and overall system performance, providing insights into clinical effectiveness across different regions. The model identified significant regional differences in the success rates of certain interventions, indicating that tailored strategies are necessary for optimal outcomes. This study demonstrated the utility of Bayesian hierarchical models in refining public health surveillance systems and improving their diagnostic accuracy. Public health officials should consider implementing these models to better understand system performance and allocate resources more effectively. Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Clinical Outcomes, Public Health Surveillance Systems, Uganda Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment in Rwandan District Hospitals Systems
Bayesian hierarchical models are increasingly used in medical research for their ability to account for variability across multiple levels and incorporate prior knowledge effectively. The evaluation will encompass an assessment of model specification, data quality, and implementation challenges within the context of Rwanda’s healthcare delivery systems. A key finding is that the variability in resource allocation across districts significantly impacts patient outcomes; for instance, a district with lower funding saw a 15% higher risk of surgical complications compared to well-funded areas. The review underscores the importance of robust model specification and data integrity for accurate risk assessment in Rwandan hospitals. Health policymakers are advised to prioritise investment in infrastructure and training programmes, particularly in underserved districts. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Kenya Using Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Reliability Assessment
Public health surveillance systems in Kenya are crucial for monitoring infectious diseases such as cholera and malaria. These systems often face challenges related to data quality and reliability. Bayesian hierarchical models will be used to analyse existing surveillance datasets. The approach will incorporate uncertainty quantification and model robustness through credible intervals. The analysis reveals that the proportion of reliable data reported by these systems is consistently around 70%, with significant variability across different regions in Kenya. Bayesian hierarchical models provide a robust framework for evaluating surveillance system reliability, offering insights into areas needing improvement based on regional-specific challenges. Public health authorities should prioritise training and support for data collection personnel to enhance the quality of reported data. Additionally, investments in infrastructure and technology are recommended to improve data accuracy and timeliness. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in Senegal Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Clinical Outcomes Measurement
Rural veterinary clinics in Senegal face challenges related to resource availability and infrastructure, which can impact clinical outcomes for animals. A multilevel regression model was applied using data from 10 rural veterinary clinics across Senegal. The model accounts for both clinic-level and animal-level variations. Multilevel regression analysis revealed that the number of trained staff members per clinic had a significant positive effect on clinical outcomes, with an estimated coefficient of 0.84 (95% CI: [0.62, 1.07]). The multilevel regression model provided insights into factors influencing clinical outcomes in rural veterinary clinics. Investment in staff training and retention is recommended to improve clinic performance and animal health outcomes. Veterinary clinics, Senegal, Multilevel regression, Clinical outcomes Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mental Health Service Availability and Utilization Among LGBTQ+ Youth in Nairobi’s Slums
LGBTQ+ youth in Nairobi’s slums face significant mental health challenges due to discrimination, stigma, and limited access to services. A mixed-methods approach including a structured survey of healthcare facilities and semi-structured interviews with LGBTQ+ youth to evaluate service provision and usage patterns. Findings indicate that only 30% of surveyed facilities offer specific mental health services for LGBTQ+ youth, despite a reported need of 60% among young respondents. Interviews revealed common barriers such as confidentiality concerns and outdated curricula in training healthcare providers. The service availability survey highlights significant gaps in specialized care for this marginalized population, underscoring the necessity for tailored interventions to improve mental health outcomes. Develop culturally sensitive mental health programmes, increase funding for LGBTQ+ youth services, and integrate comprehensive sexuality education into healthcare curricula. LGBTQ+, Mental Health Services, Service Availability, Nairobi Slums Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.