Sustainable pest management practices are crucial for coffee growers in Eastern Rwanda to mitigate crop losses and maintain soil health. However, implementation of these practices often faces challenges due to a lack of understanding or adoption barriers. Theoretical development approach was employed, incorporating literature review and qualitative interviews with stakeholders to elucidate current practices and challenges. The theoretical framework provides insights into the determinants of sustainable pest management adoption and can inform future interventions aimed at improving agricultural sustainability in the region. Policy makers should prioritise funding for awareness programmes targeting low-income farmers, while extension services could leverage existing channels to disseminate best practices effectively. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.