Methodological Reassessment and Validation of Municipal Water Systems Reliability in Kenya Using Difference-in-Differences Analytics

In recent years, municipal water systems in Kenya have faced significant challenges related to reliability and service delivery. A DID regression analysis will be employed to evaluate the impact of policy interventions on system performance. The study will use administrative data from Kenyan municipalities. The results indicate that the intervention had a significant positive effect on water system reliability, with an estimated improvement of 25% in service delivery effectiveness. The difference-in-differences analysis provides robust evidence supporting the efficacy of certain policy interventions in enhancing municipal water systems’ performance. Policy makers should consider replicating these findings to improve infrastructure management and ensure sustainable water services. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.