Methodological Assessment of Municipal Water Systems Adoption in Rwanda: A Quasi-Experimental Study

This study focuses on evaluating the adoption rates of municipal water systems in Rwanda, a developing country where access to clean drinking water is crucial for public health. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data collection through surveys with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using statistical software to identify patterns and trends in system adoption across different regions of Rwanda. In the surveyed communities, approximately 60% reported an increase in water access since municipal systems were introduced, though there was a notable variation by region (50-70%). Interviews revealed that affordability and convenience were key drivers for adoption. The quasi-experimental design provided robust insights into how municipal water system adoption can be influenced by socio-economic factors. The findings suggest that targeted interventions could further enhance community engagement with these systems. Future research should focus on developing more affordable financing mechanisms and improving user-friendly service delivery to increase overall system adoption rates in Rwanda. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.