An African Policy Analysis: Business, Gender and Development in Morocco, 2010–2025

This policy analysis critically examines the trajectory of Moroccan national strategies aimed at enhancing women’s economic participation and leadership within the business sector from 2010 to 2025. It addresses the persistent disconnect between progressive legislative frameworks, such as the 2011 Constitution and the 2018 Finance Act, and the tangible underrepresentation of women in entrepreneurial ventures and corporate leadership. Employing a qualitative document analysis of government policies, national development plans, and reports from institutions like the High Commission for Planning, the study evaluates the implementation efficacy of these gender-focused economic policies. The analysis argues that, despite institutional efforts, deeply embedded socio-cultural norms and inconsistent policy enforcement continue to constrain women’s full economic agency. Key findings indicate that while access to microfinance and support for formalisation have improved, significant barriers persist in access to larger-scale capital, professional networks, and succession rights in family businesses. The significance of this research lies in its African-centred critique, which underscores that Morocco’s experience offers crucial lessons on the complexities of aligning business development with gender equity goals in a North African context. The article concludes with implications for policymakers, advocating for more integrated, culturally-attuned approaches that move beyond legislative reform to actively dismantle structural and attitudinal barriers within the business ecosystem.