This study addresses a current research gap in Environmental Science concerning Integrated Watershed Management for Sustainable Agriculture and Water Supply in Uganda. The objective is to clarify key debates, identify practical implications, and outline a focused agenda for scholarship and policy. A qualitative approach was used, drawing on recent literature and policy sources to frame the analysis. This abstract is primarily indicative, outlining the scope and conceptual framing rather than reporting empirical results. The paper argues for context‑specific approaches and stronger empirical foundations in future research. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Integrated Watershed Management for Sustainable Agriculture and Water Supply, Uganda, Africa, Environmental Science, theoretical This structured abstract provides a standardised summary to support rapid screening, indexing, and assessment of scholarly contribution.